SIP 5 to 6
Bilkul. **Sasaram jaise local/practical examples jahan genuinely fit honge, wahan dunga** — lekin har point mein zabardasti example nahi ghusaunga. Aur current personalities ka naam bhi **sirf jab concept samjhane mein useful ho**, tabhi use karunga.
Neeche **Chapter 5 + Chapter 6** ko exam-oriented, simple Hindi-English, Q&A + logic format mein convert kar raha hoon. Source ke facts ko retain kiya hai aur jahan source mein outdated/incorrect point tha, wahan correction bhi ki hai.
Formula yaad rakho:
Territory of India = States + UTs + Acquired Territories
Isliye "Territory of India" expression, "Union of India" se wider hai.
Memory Trick:
1 = Identity → India kya hai?
2 = Entry → New State ko India mein lana
3 = Surgery → Existing State ko cut/merge/change karna
4 = Adjustment → Schedules mein necessary changes
CHAPTER 5 — INDIAN UNION AND ITS TERRITORIES
1. Indian Constitution mein Union aur Territories kis Part mein hain?
Answer dekho
Part I mein Article 1 se Article 4 tak Indian Union aur uske territories ke provisions diye gaye hain.
2. Article 1 se 4 tak kya deal karte hain?
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| Article 1 | India ka naam aur territory |
| Article 2 | New States ko admit ya establish karna |
| Article 3 | Existing States ke area, boundary ya name mein change; new States banana |
| Article 4 | Article 2 & 3 ke laws ke through First aur Fourth Schedule mein necessary changes |
ARTICLE 1 — NAME AND TERRITORY OF THE UNION
3. Constitution mein country ka naam kya hai?
Answer
Constitution ke Article 1 mein likha hai:
"India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States."
Yaani Constitution dono names ko recognise karta hai:
"India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States."
Yaani Constitution dono names ko recognise karta hai:
- India — modern/common name
- Bharat — traditional name
4. India ko "Union of States" kyun kaha gaya hai?
Answer + Logic
India ko "Federation of States" ke bajay "Union of States" kaha gaya.
Iske 2 important implications hain:
Iske 2 important implications hain:
- Indian Union kisi States ke beech agreement/contract se nahi bana.
- Kisi State ko Indian Union se alag hone yani secede karne ka constitutional right nahi hai.
5. "Union of India" aur "Territory of India" mein kya difference hai?
Answer
| Union of India | Territory of India |
|---|---|
| India ke States ko refer karta hai. | States + Union Territories + future mein acquire kiye gaye territories. |
Territory of India = States + UTs + Acquired Territories
Isliye "Territory of India" expression, "Union of India" se wider hai.
6. Agar future mein India koi new territory acquire kare, kya woh Territory of India ka part ho sakti hai?
Answer
Yes.
Article 1 ke according Territory of India mein woh territories bhi include ho sakti hain jo India future mein acquire kare.
Article 1 ke according Territory of India mein woh territories bhi include ho sakti hain jo India future mein acquire kare.
ARTICLE 2 — ADMISSION OR ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW STATES
7. Article 2 kis cheez se related hai?
Answer
Article 2 Parliament ko new States ko India mein admit ya establish karne ki power deta hai.
8. Article 2 ke under Parliament ke paas kaunsi 2 powers hain?
Answer
- Admission of new States — jo State already exist karta ho, use India mein admit karna.
- Establishment of new States — aisa State establish karna jo pehle India ka part nahi tha.
9. Article 2 ka famous example kya hai?
Answer
Sikkim ko 1975 mein India ka State banaya gaya. Is development mein Article 2 ka role tha.
Exam point: Sikkim pehle India ka part nahi tha, phir constitutional process ke through India ka State bana.
Exam point: Sikkim pehle India ka part nahi tha, phir constitutional process ke through India ka State bana.
ARTICLE 3 — FORMATION AND ALTERATION OF STATES
10. Article 3 kis cheez se related hai?
Answer
Article 3 existing Indian States ke structure mein changes aur new States ke formation se related hai.
11. Article 3 ke under Parliament kya-kya kar sakti hai?
Answer
Parliament:
- Existing State se territory separate karke new State bana sakti hai.
- Do ya zyada States ko merge karke new State bana sakti hai.
- Ek State ke kisi part ko doosre State ke saath unite kar sakti hai.
- Kisi State ka area increase kar sakti hai.
- Kisi State ka area diminish kar sakti hai.
- Kisi State ki boundary alter kar sakti hai.
- Kisi State ka name change kar sakti hai.
12. Article 3 ka practical example?
Answer + Example
Telangana ka formation Andhra Pradesh ke territory se hua.
Similarly, Bihar se Jharkhand alag karke 2000 mein new State banaya gaya.
Isliye Article 3 ko yaad rakho:
State banana + State ka area/boundary/name badalna = Article 3
Similarly, Bihar se Jharkhand alag karke 2000 mein new State banaya gaya.
Isliye Article 3 ko yaad rakho:
State banana + State ka area/boundary/name badalna = Article 3
13. Article 3 ke Bill ko Parliament mein introduce karne se pehle kya zaroori hai?
Answer
President ki prior recommendation zaroori hai.
Without President's recommendation, Article 3 ka Bill Parliament mein introduce nahi kiya ja sakta.
Without President's recommendation, Article 3 ka Bill Parliament mein introduce nahi kiya ja sakta.
14. Kya affected State Legislature ki opinion lena zaroori hai?
Answer + Logic
Yes.
President Bill ko recommend karne se pehle concerned State Legislature ko Bill bhejta hai aur uski views maangi jaati hain.
Lekin important: State ki opinion binding nahi hoti.
Logic: State ko apni baat rakhne ka opportunity milta hai, lekin final power Parliament ke paas rehti hai.
President Bill ko recommend karne se pehle concerned State Legislature ko Bill bhejta hai aur uski views maangi jaati hain.
Lekin important: State ki opinion binding nahi hoti.
Logic: State ko apni baat rakhne ka opportunity milta hai, lekin final power Parliament ke paas rehti hai.
15. Kya State Legislature Article 3 ke Bill ko veto kar sakti hai?
Answer
No.
State Legislature ki opinion sirf recommendatory/non-binding nature ki hoti hai.
Parliament State ki disagreement ke bawajood Bill pass kar sakti hai.
State Legislature ki opinion sirf recommendatory/non-binding nature ki hoti hai.
Parliament State ki disagreement ke bawajood Bill pass kar sakti hai.
16. Agar Parliament Bill mein baad mein changes kar de, kya State Legislature ko dobara Bill bhejna compulsory hai?
Answer
No.
Article 3 mein aisa requirement nahi hai ki Bill mein naye amendments hone par concerned State Legislature se dobara opinion lena hi pade.
Article 3 mein aisa requirement nahi hai ki Bill mein naye amendments hone par concerned State Legislature se dobara opinion lena hi pade.
17. Union Territory ke case mein State Legislature wali consultation rule same hai?
Answer
Agar Bill kisi Union Territory ke area, boundary ya name se related hai, to us UT ki Legislature se views lena compulsory nahi hai.
Example: Delhi ya Puducherry jaise UTs ke case mein Article 3 ki State Legislature consultation requirement apply nahi hoti.
Example: Delhi ya Puducherry jaise UTs ke case mein Article 3 ki State Legislature consultation requirement apply nahi hoti.
ARTICLE 4
18. Article 4 ka basic purpose kya hai?
Answer
Article 4 ensure karta hai ki Article 2 aur Article 3 ke under banaye gaye laws ke saath Constitution ki relevant Schedules mein bhi necessary changes kiye ja saken.
19. Article 4 ke under kaunsi Schedules amend hoti hain?
Answer
Mainly:
- First Schedule — States aur Union Territories se related.
- Fourth Schedule — Rajya Sabha mein States/UTs ke seats allocation se related.
20. Kya Article 2 ya Article 3 ke under bana law Article 368 wala Constitutional Amendment hai?
Answer
No.
Article 4 clearly provide karta hai ki Article 2 aur Article 3 ke under banaya gaya law, Article 368 ke purpose ke liye constitutional amendment nahi maana jayega.
Exam trap: State reorganisation mein Constitution ki First/Fourth Schedule change ho sakti hai, phir bhi har baar Article 368 ka constitutional amendment procedure required nahi hota.
Article 4 clearly provide karta hai ki Article 2 aur Article 3 ke under banaya gaya law, Article 368 ke purpose ke liye constitutional amendment nahi maana jayega.
Exam trap: State reorganisation mein Constitution ki First/Fourth Schedule change ho sakti hai, phir bhi har baar Article 368 ka constitutional amendment procedure required nahi hota.
EVOLUTION OF STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES
21. States ke reorganisation ke important committees kaun-si hain?
| Year | Committee/Commission | Important Point |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Dhar Commission | Administrative convenience ko linguistic basis se preference. |
| 1948 | JVP Committee | Language ko State reorganisation ka basis formally reject kiya. |
| 1953–55 | States Reorganisation Commission | Language ko broadly accept kiya, but one-language-one-State theory reject ki. |
22. Dhar Commission kis year mein bana?
Answer
1948
Dhar Commission ne States ko primarily administrative convenience ke basis par reorganise karne ki recommendation ki, language ke basis par nahi.
Dhar Commission ne States ko primarily administrative convenience ke basis par reorganise karne ki recommendation ki, language ke basis par nahi.
23. JVP Committee kya thi?
Answer
1948 mein JVP Committee ne linguistic basis par States ke reorganisation ko formally reject kiya.
JVP = Jawaharlal Nehru + Vallabhbhai Patel + Pattabhi Sitaramayya
JVP = Jawaharlal Nehru + Vallabhbhai Patel + Pattabhi Sitaramayya
24. States Reorganisation Commission ke members kaun the?
Answer
3 important members:
- Fazl Ali — Chairman
- K.M. Panikkar
- A.N. Kunzru
25. States Reorganisation Commission ne linguistic basis ko accept kiya tha?
Answer + Logic
Broadly yes.
Commission ne language ko State reorganisation ka important basis maana, lekin "one language = one State" theory ko reject kiya.
Logic: Sirf language ke basis par States banana practical nahi tha; administration, geography, economy aur other factors bhi important the.
Commission ne language ko State reorganisation ka important basis maana, lekin "one language = one State" theory ko reject kiya.
Logic: Sirf language ke basis par States banana practical nahi tha; administration, geography, economy aur other factors bhi important the.
26. 1956 ka States Reorganisation Act kyun important hai?
Answer
Fazl Ali Commission ki recommendations ke basis par:
- States Reorganisation Act, 1956 pass hua.
- 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 bhi hua.
- Purani Part A, Part B, Part C, Part D classification abolish hui.
- India mein 14 States aur 6 Union Territories ka structure bana.
27. India ka first linguistic State kaunsa tha?
Answer
Andhra State — 1953.
Ye Telugu-speaking areas ke linguistic State movement ke result mein bana.
Ye Telugu-speaking areas ke linguistic State movement ke result mein bana.
STATES FORMED AFTER 1956
28. 1960 mein kaun-se States bane?
Answer
Maharashtra aur Gujarat, Bombay State ke reorganisation se bane.
29. 1963 mein kaunsa State bana?
Answer
Nagaland — 1963.
30. 1966 mein Punjab reorganisation se kya bana?
Answer
Haryana bana aur Chandigarh Union Territory bana.
Important correction: Himachal Pradesh ka status 1966 mein Punjab se transfer/reorganisation ke context mein badla, lekin woh 1966 mein State nahi bana. Himachal Pradesh ko full Statehood 1971 mein mili.
Important correction: Himachal Pradesh ka status 1966 mein Punjab se transfer/reorganisation ke context mein badla, lekin woh 1966 mein State nahi bana. Himachal Pradesh ko full Statehood 1971 mein mili.
31. 1972 mein kaun-se States bane?
Answer
- Manipur
- Tripura
- Meghalaya
32. Sikkim India ka State kab bana?
Answer
1975
36th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975 ke through Sikkim India ka full State bana.
36th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975 ke through Sikkim India ka full State bana.
33. 1987 mein kaun-se States bane?
Answer
- Mizoram
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Goa
34. 2000 mein kaun-se 3 naye States bane?
Answer
- Chhattisgarh — Madhya Pradesh se
- Uttarakhand — Uttar Pradesh se
- Jharkhand — Bihar se
35. Telangana kab bana?
Answer
2014
Telangana ko Andhra Pradesh se separate karke new State banaya gaya.
Telangana ko Andhra Pradesh se separate karke new State banaya gaya.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
36. Dadra and Nagar Haveli aur Daman and Diu ka kya hua?
Answer
2019 mein dono Union Territories ko merge karke ek Union Territory banayi gayi:
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
Ye merger 26 January 2020 se effective hua.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
Ye merger 26 January 2020 se effective hua.
37. Jammu & Kashmir aur Ladakh ka current constitutional status kaise bana?
Answer
2019 mein former State of Jammu and Kashmir ko reorganise karke do Union Territories banaye gaye:
- Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir — Legislature ke saath
- Union Territory of Ladakh — Legislature ke bina
38. Chapter 5 ka sabse important Article-map kya hai?
Final Revision
| Article | One-line memory |
|---|---|
| 1 | India/Bharat + Union of States + Territory of India |
| 2 | New State ko admit/establish karna |
| 3 | State banana, area/boundary/name change karna |
| 4 | Article 2/3 laws + First/Fourth Schedule changes; Article 368 amendment nahi |
1 = Identity → India kya hai?
2 = Entry → New State ko India mein lana
3 = Surgery → Existing State ko cut/merge/change karna
4 = Adjustment → Schedules mein necessary changes
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