Polity Chapter 30 MCQs - Planning Commission / NITI Aayog (योजना आयोग/नीति आयोग)
1 The Planning Commission of India was established in: भारत में योजना आयोग की स्थापना कब की गई थी?
Correct Answer: (2) 1950
The Planning Commission was established on 15 March 1950 by a Resolution of the Government of India. It was an executive, non-constitutional body and was not created by an Act of Parliament.
2 The Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog with effect from: योजना आयोग के स्थान पर नीति आयोग कब से प्रभावी हुआ?
Correct Answer: (3) 1 January 2015
The Government of India announced the replacement of the Planning Commission by NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015. The National Institution for Transforming India was created to provide a new institutional framework for policy-making and cooperative federalism.
3 NITI Aayog is best described as a: नीति आयोग का सर्वोत्तम वर्णन किस रूप में किया जाता है?
Correct Answer: (4) Executive body created by a Government of India resolution
NITI Aayog is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It was established through an executive resolution of the Government of India on 1 January 2015.
4 The full form of NITI Aayog is: NITI Aayog का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?
Correct Answer: (3) National Institution for Transforming India
NITI stands for National Institution for Transforming India. The institution replaced the Planning Commission and emphasizes policy inputs, cooperative federalism and competitive federalism.
5 Who is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog? नीति आयोग का अध्यक्ष कौन होता है?
Correct Answer: (4) Prime Minister of India
The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog. This arrangement reflects the institution's role as the apex policy think tank of the Government of India.
6 Which of the following is NOT a component of the Governing Council of NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग की शासी परिषद का घटक नहीं है?
Correct Answer: (4) Chief Justices of all High Courts
The Governing Council includes the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers of all States and Union Territories with legislatures, and Lieutenant Governors of other Union Territories. It does not include the Chief Justices of High Courts.
7 The Governing Council of NITI Aayog primarily embodies the principle of: नीति आयोग की शासी परिषद मुख्यतः किस सिद्धांत को प्रतिबिंबित करती है?
Correct Answer: (3) Cooperative federalism
The Governing Council brings the Union and State governments together at the highest policy level. It is a major institutional mechanism for cooperative federalism.
8 Which of the following was a major difference between the Planning Commission and NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा योजना आयोग और नीति आयोग के बीच प्रमुख अंतर था?
Correct Answer: (3) Planning Commission followed centralized planning, whereas NITI Aayog emphasizes partnership with States
The Planning Commission played a central role in allocating plan resources and preparing Five-Year Plans. NITI Aayog is designed primarily as a policy think tank emphasizing cooperative and competitive federalism rather than centralized resource allocation.
9 Which of the following functions was associated with the Planning Commission but is NOT the primary role of NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कार्य योजना आयोग से जुड़ा था, लेकिन नीति आयोग की प्राथमिक भूमिका नहीं है?
Correct Answer: (4) Allocating plan funds to States
The Planning Commission had a major role in plan resource allocation. NITI Aayog does not have the Planning Commission's function of allocating plan funds to States; it primarily provides policy advice, coordination and monitoring.
10 Which body is the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India? भारत सरकार का शीर्ष सार्वजनिक नीति थिंक टैंक कौन-सा निकाय है?
Correct Answer: (3) NITI Aayog
NITI Aayog functions as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India. It provides strategic and technical policy inputs and seeks to foster cooperation between the Union and States.
11 Which of the following is one of the major objectives of NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग का एक प्रमुख उद्देश्य है?
Correct Answer: (3) Fostering cooperative federalism through structured support to States
NITI Aayog seeks to foster cooperative federalism by providing a platform for the Union and States to jointly discuss development priorities and policy strategies.
12 The concept of "Team India" in the context of NITI Aayog refers primarily to: नीति आयोग के संदर्भ में "टीम इंडिया" की अवधारणा मुख्यतः किससे संबंधित है?
Correct Answer: (3) The Union and State Governments working together
"Team India" is a key idea associated with NITI Aayog's approach to cooperative federalism, emphasizing the joint participation of the Union and State Governments in achieving national development goals.
13 Which of the following best represents "competitive federalism" promoted by NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग द्वारा बढ़ावा दिए जाने वाले "प्रतिस्पर्धी संघवाद" को सर्वोत्तम रूप से दर्शाता है?
Correct Answer: (3) States competing and learning from each other on development performance
Competitive federalism encourages States and Union Territories to improve performance by comparing outcomes, adopting successful practices and competing on development indicators.
14 Which institution succeeded the Planning Commission as the principal body for providing policy inputs to the Government of India? भारत सरकार को नीति संबंधी सुझाव देने वाले प्रमुख निकाय के रूप में योजना आयोग का स्थान किस संस्था ने लिया?
Correct Answer: (4) NITI Aayog
NITI Aayog succeeded the Planning Commission in 2015 and was designed to function as a strategic policy think tank rather than as a centralized resource-allocation agency.
15 Which of the following is NOT a feature of NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग की विशेषता नहीं है?
Correct Answer: (4) Compulsory allocation of plan funds to States
NITI Aayog emphasizes cooperative and competitive federalism and encourages bottom-up approaches. It does not perform the Planning Commission's former function of plan fund allocation to States.
16 The Vice-Chairperson of NITI Aayog is appointed by the: नीति आयोग के उपाध्यक्ष की नियुक्ति कौन करता है?
Correct Answer: (3) Prime Minister
The Vice-Chairperson of NITI Aayog is appointed by the Prime Minister. The Vice-Chairperson is given the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
17 Which of the following is a component of the full-time organizational structure of NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग की पूर्णकालिक संगठनात्मक संरचना का एक घटक है?
Correct Answer: (3) Vice-Chairperson and full-time members
The organizational structure of NITI Aayog includes the Prime Minister as Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson, full-time members and other specified members and special invitees.
18 Special invitees to NITI Aayog are appointed by the: नीति आयोग में विशेष आमंत्रित सदस्यों की नियुक्ति कौन करता है?
Correct Answer: (4) Prime Minister
The Prime Minister may nominate experts, specialists and Union Ministers as special invitees to NITI Aayog depending on the requirements of its work.
19 Which NITI Aayog body includes Chief Ministers of all States? नीति आयोग के किस निकाय में सभी राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्री शामिल होते हैं?
Correct Answer: (3) Governing Council
The Governing Council is the key federal platform within NITI Aayog. It includes the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers of States and other specified representatives from Union Territories.
20 Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog is correct? नीति आयोग के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?
Correct Answer: (3) It provides policy advice and promotes cooperative and competitive federalism
NITI Aayog is an executive policy institution. It does not possess constitutional powers of tax devolution, nor is it established by a parliamentary statute.
21 Which of the following best explains the shift from the Five-Year Plan approach to the NITI Aayog approach? पंचवर्षीय योजना दृष्टिकोण से नीति आयोग के दृष्टिकोण में बदलाव को कौन-सा कथन सर्वोत्तम रूप से समझाता है?
Correct Answer: (3) Shift toward flexible, long-term policy strategy and partnership with States
NITI Aayog was designed to move away from centralized Five-Year Plan-based resource allocation toward flexible strategic policy-making, outcome monitoring and partnership with States and Union Territories.
22 Which of the following was the last Five-Year Plan of India? भारत की अंतिम पंचवर्षीय योजना कौन-सी थी?
Correct Answer: (3) Twelfth Five-Year Plan
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan covered 2012–17 and was the final Five-Year Plan. The Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015, after which the Five-Year Plan system was not continued.
23 The Twelfth Five-Year Plan covered which period? बारहवीं पंचवर्षीय योजना किस अवधि को कवर करती थी?
Correct Answer: (2) 2012–2017
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan was the final Five-Year Plan of India and covered the period from 2012 to 2017.
24 Which institution was closely associated with the formulation of Five-Year Plans before the establishment of NITI Aayog? नीति आयोग की स्थापना से पहले पंचवर्षीय योजनाओं के निर्माण से कौन-सी संस्था निकटता से जुड़ी थी?
Correct Answer: (3) Planning Commission
The Planning Commission was the principal institution associated with India's Five-Year Plans. It coordinated planning, assessed resources and played an important role in plan resource allocation.
25 The Planning Commission was established by: योजना आयोग की स्थापना किसके द्वारा की गई थी?
Correct Answer: (3) Executive resolution of the Government of India
The Planning Commission was created through a Cabinet/Government of India resolution on 15 March 1950. Therefore, like NITI Aayog, it was an executive rather than constitutional or statutory institution.
26 Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes the Finance Commission from NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन वित्त आयोग और नीति आयोग के बीच सही अंतर बताता है?
Correct Answer: (3) Finance Commission is a constitutional body, while NITI Aayog is an executive body
The Finance Commission is constituted under Article 280 of the Constitution and deals with fiscal devolution. NITI Aayog was established by executive resolution and functions primarily as a policy think tank.
27 Which of the following is a key feature of NITI Aayog's "bottom-up" approach? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग के "नीचे से ऊपर" दृष्टिकोण की प्रमुख विशेषता है?
Correct Answer: (3) Development priorities are informed by local and State-level needs
NITI Aayog emphasizes a bottom-up approach in which development priorities and policy implementation take into account the needs and experiences of States, Union Territories, districts and local levels.
28 Which NITI Aayog initiative is designed to identify and transform India's most under-developed districts through focused convergence and monitoring? कौन-सी नीति आयोग पहल केंद्रित समन्वय और निगरानी के माध्यम से भारत के सबसे कम विकसित जिलों की पहचान और परिवर्तन के लिए बनाई गई है?
Correct Answer: (3) Aspirational Districts Programme
The Aspirational Districts Programme was launched in 2018 and focuses on transforming districts that face significant development challenges through convergence, collaboration and competition, monitored using key indicators.
29 The Aspirational Districts Programme is based on which three broad principles? आकांक्षी जिला कार्यक्रम किन तीन व्यापक सिद्धांतों पर आधारित है?
Correct Answer: (3) Convergence, collaboration and competition
The Aspirational Districts Programme uses convergence of schemes, collaboration among stakeholders and competition among districts to accelerate improvements in development outcomes.
30 Which NITI Aayog initiative focuses on improving the performance of States and Union Territories through a set of health, education, infrastructure and economic indicators? कौन-सी नीति आयोग पहल स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, बुनियादी ढांचे और आर्थिक संकेतकों के माध्यम से राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के प्रदर्शन में सुधार पर केंद्रित है?
- National Development Council
राष्ट्रीय विकास परिषद
- District Rural Development Agency
जिला ग्रामीण विकास एजेंसी
- SDG India Index
SDG इंडिया इंडेक्स
- Finance Commission Index
वित्त आयोग सूचकांक
Correct Answer: (3) SDG India Index
NITI Aayog's SDG India Index assesses the progress of States and Union Territories toward the Sustainable Development Goals using a range of indicators. It also encourages competitive federalism by comparing performance across jurisdictions.
राष्ट्रीय विकास परिषद
जिला ग्रामीण विकास एजेंसी
SDG इंडिया इंडेक्स
वित्त आयोग सूचकांक
Correct Answer: (3) SDG India Index
NITI Aayog's SDG India Index assesses the progress of States and Union Territories toward the Sustainable Development Goals using a range of indicators. It also encourages competitive federalism by comparing performance across jurisdictions.
31 NITI Aayog is the nodal institution in India for achieving the: भारत में निम्नलिखित में से किसे प्राप्त करने के लिए नीति आयोग नोडल संस्था है?
Correct Answer: (3) Sustainable Development Goals
NITI Aayog is the nodal institution for coordinating and monitoring India's progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. It works with States and Union Territories in localizing the SDGs.
32 Which of the following is associated with NITI Aayog's role as a monitoring and evaluation institution? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग की निगरानी और मूल्यांकन संबंधी भूमिका से संबंधित है?
Correct Answer: (2) Development of outcome-based monitoring frameworks
NITI Aayog performs an important role in monitoring and evaluating policies and programmes, with emphasis on outcomes, indicators, evidence and measurable development performance.
33 Which of the following statements about the National Development Council is correct in the context of Indian planning? भारतीय नियोजन के संदर्भ में राष्ट्रीय विकास परिषद के संबंध में कौन-सा कथन सही है?
Correct Answer: (3) It was an important forum associated with planning and development policy involving the Union and States
The National Development Council was established in 1952 as an apex forum associated with national planning and development. It included the Prime Minister, Union Ministers, Chief Ministers and other members. It was not a constitutional body.
34 Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between NITI Aayog and the Finance Commission? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग और वित्त आयोग के बीच संबंध का सही वर्णन करता है?
Correct Answer: (3) They perform different functions and NITI Aayog has not replaced the Finance Commission
The Finance Commission is a constitutional body dealing mainly with fiscal relations and tax devolution. NITI Aayog is an executive policy think tank and does not replace the Finance Commission.
35 Which of the following was a major criticism of the Planning Commission's model of planning? निम्नलिखित में से कौन योजना आयोग की नियोजन प्रणाली की प्रमुख आलोचना थी?
Correct Answer: (3) It was criticized for a centralized, top-down approach to planning
The Planning Commission was often criticized for excessive centralization and a top-down approach. NITI Aayog was conceived partly to create a more flexible, participatory and State-oriented policy framework.
36 Which of the following is a distinctive feature of NITI Aayog compared with the Planning Commission? योजना आयोग की तुलना में नीति आयोग की विशिष्ट विशेषता क्या है?
Correct Answer: (3) It seeks to institutionalize State participation in national policy-making
NITI Aayog's institutional design gives a prominent role to States through the Governing Council and other mechanisms, reflecting its emphasis on cooperative federalism and participatory policy-making.
37 Consider the following statements about NITI Aayog: 1. It is a constitutional body. 2. The Prime Minister is its Chairperson. 3. It promotes cooperative federalism. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? नीति आयोग के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह एक संवैधानिक निकाय है। 2. प्रधानमंत्री इसके अध्यक्ष हैं। 3. यह सहकारी संघवाद को बढ़ावा देता है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
Correct Answer: (3) Only 2 and 3
NITI Aayog is an executive body, not a constitutional body. The Prime Minister is its Chairperson, and promoting cooperative federalism is one of its central objectives.
38 Consider the following statements regarding the Governing Council of NITI Aayog: 1. It is chaired by the Prime Minister. 2. It includes Chief Ministers of all States. 3. It includes the Chief Justice of India as an ex-officio member. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? नीति आयोग की शासी परिषद के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. इसकी अध्यक्षता प्रधानमंत्री करते हैं। 2. इसमें सभी राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्री शामिल होते हैं। 3. इसमें भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश पदेन सदस्य होते हैं। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
Correct Answer: (3) Only 1 and 2
The Governing Council is chaired by the Prime Minister and includes Chief Ministers of all States. The Chief Justice of India is not an ex-officio member of the Governing Council.
39 Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा युग्म सही सुमेलित है?
Correct Answer: (3) 2015 — Establishment of NITI Aayog
NITI Aayog was established on 1 January 2015. The Planning Commission had been established in 1950, while the Finance Commission derives its constitutional basis from Article 280.
40 Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog and Centrally Sponsored Schemes is most accurate? नीति आयोग और केंद्र प्रायोजित योजनाओं के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सबसे सटीक है?
Correct Answer: (3) NITI Aayog can provide policy and monitoring inputs, but it is not the constitutional authority for fiscal transfers
NITI Aayog may contribute to policy design, monitoring and evaluation of government programmes. However, it does not possess the constitutional role of the Finance Commission in fiscal devolution.
41 Which of the following best reflects the idea of "One-Size-Fits-All" planning that NITI Aayog seeks to move away from? निम्नलिखित में से कौन "एक ही नीति सभी के लिए" वाले नियोजन दृष्टिकोण को दर्शाता है, जिससे नीति आयोग दूर जाने का प्रयास करता है?
Correct Answer: (3) Uniform centrally designed solutions regardless of regional differences
NITI Aayog emphasizes differentiated approaches because States and regions have different developmental needs, resources and institutional capacities. This contrasts with a rigid uniform planning model.
42 Which of the following statements regarding the Planning Commission is incorrect? योजना आयोग के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन गलत है?
Correct Answer: (4) It was a constitutional body under Article 280
The Planning Commission was not a constitutional body. It was established through an executive resolution in 1950. Article 280 deals with the Finance Commission.
43 Which of the following statements about the NITI Aayog Governing Council is correct? नीति आयोग की शासी परिषद के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?
Correct Answer: (3) It provides a platform for the Union and States to discuss national development priorities
The Governing Council is intended to strengthen cooperative federalism by bringing together the Union and State leadership to discuss development priorities and implementation challenges.
44 Which of the following is NOT a function of NITI Aayog? निम्नलिखित में से कौन नीति आयोग का कार्य नहीं है?
Correct Answer: (4) Conducting elections to the Lok Sabha
NITI Aayog has no role in conducting elections. Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India under the constitutional framework.
45 Consider the following statements: 1. NITI Aayog promotes innovation. 2. Atal Innovation Mission is associated with NITI Aayog. 3. NITI Aayog is a statutory regulator of all industries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. नीति आयोग नवाचार को बढ़ावा देता है। 2. अटल इनोवेशन मिशन नीति आयोग से संबंधित है। 3. नीति आयोग सभी उद्योगों का वैधानिक नियामक है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
Correct Answer: (3) Only 1 and 2
NITI Aayog promotes innovation through initiatives such as the Atal Innovation Mission. It is not a statutory regulator of all industries.
46 Which of the following pairs related to NITI Aayog is correctly matched? नीति आयोग से संबंधित निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा युग्म सही सुमेलित है?
Correct Answer: (3) Atal Innovation Mission — Promoting innovation and entrepreneurship
The Atal Innovation Mission is a major NITI Aayog initiative aimed at creating and promoting an ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship in the country.
47 Consider the following statements about the Planning Commission and NITI Aayog: 1. Both were executive bodies. 2. Both were chaired by the Prime Minister. 3. Both are constitutional bodies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? योजना आयोग और नीति आयोग के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. दोनों कार्यपालिका निकाय थे। 2. दोनों की अध्यक्षता प्रधानमंत्री करते थे/करते हैं। 3. दोनों संवैधानिक निकाय हैं। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
Correct Answer: (2) Only 1 and 2
The Planning Commission and NITI Aayog were/are executive bodies established through Government of India resolutions, and both have/had the Prime Minister as Chairperson. Neither is a constitutional body.
48 Which of the following best captures the distinction between "cooperative federalism" and "competitive federalism" in NITI Aayog's framework? नीति आयोग के ढांचे में "सहकारी संघवाद" और "प्रतिस्पर्धी संघवाद" के बीच अंतर को कौन-सा कथन सर्वोत्तम रूप से दर्शाता है?
Correct Answer: (3) Cooperative federalism emphasizes joint action, while competitive federalism encourages performance-based competition among States and UTs
NITI Aayog combines both approaches: the Union and States work together on national priorities while States and Union Territories are encouraged to improve outcomes through benchmarking and healthy competition.
49 Which statement regarding the Five-Year Plans after the establishment of NITI Aayog is correct? नीति आयोग की स्थापना के बाद पंचवर्षीय योजनाओं के संबंध में कौन-सा कथन सही है?
Correct Answer: (3) The Twelfth Five-Year Plan was the final Five-Year Plan
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan, covering 2012–17, was the final Five-Year Plan. After the replacement of the Planning Commission by NITI Aayog, India moved away from the Five-Year Plan framework.
50 Consider the following statements regarding NITI Aayog: 1. It seeks to evolve a shared vision of national development with active involvement of States. 2. It promotes cooperative federalism. 3. It has replaced the Finance Commission's constitutional role in tax devolution. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? नीति आयोग के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह राज्यों की सक्रिय भागीदारी से राष्ट्रीय विकास की साझा दृष्टि विकसित करने का प्रयास करता है। 2. यह सहकारी संघवाद को बढ़ावा देता है। 3. इसने कर हस्तांतरण में वित्त आयोग की संवैधानिक भूमिका का स्थान ले लिया है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
Correct Answer: (3) Only 1 and 2
NITI Aayog seeks to build a shared national development vision with the active involvement of States and promotes cooperative federalism. It has not replaced the Finance Commission, which continues to perform its constitutional role under Article 280, including recommendations relating to tax devolution.
1 Which of the following statements correctly describes the Planning Commission of India?
Correct Answer: (3) The Planning Commission was a non-constitutional and non-statutory body established by a Cabinet Resolution in 1950.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Article 280 establishes the Finance Commission, not the Planning Commission.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The Planning Commission was not created by an Act of Parliament.
- Statement 3 (✅) - It was established on 15 March 1950 by a Cabinet Resolution.
- Statement 4 (❌) - No constitutional amendment created the Planning Commission.
2 Who was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission?
Correct Answer: (1) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission by virtue of being Prime Minister.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Sardar Patel was Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, but not Chairman of the Planning Commission.
- Statement 3 (❌) - Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Law Minister and Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
3 Consider the following statements regarding the Planning Commission. Which one is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) It was an extra-constitutional body functioning under the executive authority of the Union Government.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Planning Commission was not mentioned in the Constitution.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Its recommendations were generally advisory, although they had significant policy and financial influence.
- Statement 3 (❌) - It was part of the executive planning machinery.
- Statement 4 (✅) - It was an extra-constitutional and non-statutory executive body.
4 Which of the following was NOT a major function associated with the Planning Commission?
Correct Answer: (3) Conducting elections to Parliament and State Legislatures.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Resource assessment was an important function of the Planning Commission.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Formulating development plans was central to its role.
- Statement 3 (❌) - Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India and State Election Commissions for local bodies.
- Statement 4 (✅) - Resource allocation and development priorities were important aspects of planning.
5 Which of the following statements regarding the National Development Council (NDC) is correct?
Correct Answer: (2) It was established in 1952 to associate the States with national development planning.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The NDC was an extra-constitutional body, not a constitutional body under Article 263.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The NDC was established in 1952 to strengthen cooperative participation of States in planning.
- Statement 3 (❌) - It did not replace the Planning Commission.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Prime Minister was the Chairman of the NDC.
6 Which of the following was the correct relationship between the Planning Commission and the National Development Council?
Correct Answer: (3) The Planning Commission formulated plans, while the NDC provided a forum for wider participation of the Union and States in development planning.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Planning Commission played the central role in plan formulation.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The institutional relationship was not simply one of administrative subordination.
- Statement 3 (✅) - This accurately captures their broad functional relationship.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Neither was a constitutional body.
7 Which Five-Year Plan is generally associated with the Mahalanobis strategy of rapid industrialization with emphasis on heavy industries?
Correct Answer: (2) Second Five-Year Plan
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The First Plan emphasized agriculture, irrigation and rehabilitation.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The Second Plan followed the Mahalanobis strategy with emphasis on heavy and basic industries.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Third Plan emphasized self-reliance and agricultural development but was affected by wars and droughts.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Fourth Plan followed a different strategy focused on growth with stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance.
8 Which of the following statements correctly describes the First Five-Year Plan?
Correct Answer: (1) It gave high priority to agriculture, irrigation and community development.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Agriculture, irrigation and rural development received major emphasis in the First Plan.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Heavy industrialization was particularly associated with the Second Plan.
- Statement 3 (❌) - LPG reforms were introduced in the early 1990s.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The post-1991 period was associated with the Eighth Plan and economic reforms.
9 Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Third Five-Year Plan?
Correct Answer: (3) Emphasis on self-reliance and development of agriculture and industry, although its implementation was disrupted by wars and droughts.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Agriculture remained an important component.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Service-sector privatization was not the defining feature of the Third Plan.
- Statement 3 (✅) - The Third Plan aimed at self-reliance and balanced agricultural-industrial development but suffered major disruptions.
- Statement 4 (❌) - NITI Aayog was established in 2015.
10 What was the major institutional change introduced in India's planning system in January 2015?
Correct Answer: (4) The Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Finance Commission continues as a constitutional body under Article 280.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The NDC was not converted into a constitutional body.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Election Commission was not replaced.
- Statement 4 (✅) - NITI Aayog was established on 1 January 2015 following the decision to replace the Planning Commission.
11 NITI Aayog stands for:
Correct Answer: (3) National Institution for Transforming India
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Although this is the official expansion, the question's options contain the same phrase; Statement 3 is the intended exact answer.
- Statement 2 (❌) - This is not the expansion of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 3 (✅) - NITI stands for National Institution for Transforming India.
- Statement 4 (❌) - This is not the official expansion.
12 Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes NITI Aayog from the Planning Commission?
Correct Answer: (3) Both are executive bodies, but NITI Aayog emphasizes cooperative and competitive federalism and policy think-tank functions rather than centralized Five-Year Plan allocation.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - NITI Aayog is neither constitutional nor statutory; it is an executive body.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Neither institution was a constitutional body.
- Statement 3 (✅) - This captures the key institutional shift from centralized planning to a policy-oriented, cooperative federal framework.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Neither institution was a judicial or legislative body.
13 Who is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (4) The Prime Minister of India
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The President is not the Chairperson of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The Union Finance Minister is not the Chairperson.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Vice-President is not the Chairperson.
- Statement 4 (✅) - The Prime Minister is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog.
14 Which of the following is the highest policy-making body within the institutional framework of NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (2) Prime Minister as Chairperson along with the institutional framework established by the Union Government
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Governing Council is a key forum for Centre-State participation but is not the same as the Chairpersonship of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The Prime Minister heads NITI Aayog as its Chairperson.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Inter-State Council is a separate constitutional mechanism under Article 263.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Finance Commission is a separate constitutional body under Article 280.
15 Which of the following statements regarding the Governing Council of NITI Aayog is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) It provides a platform for participation of Chief Ministers of States and heads of Union Territories along with the Union Government leadership.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Governing Council is designed to facilitate Centre-State participation.
- Statement 2 (❌) - It is not composed only of Chief Ministers.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog and its Governing Council are executive arrangements, not bodies created by Article 263.
- Statement 4 (✅) - The Governing Council is a major platform for cooperative federalism.
16 Which of the following best represents the principle of cooperative federalism associated with NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (3) The Union and States work together through institutional platforms to formulate and implement development strategies.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Cooperative federalism seeks greater participation of States.
- Statement 2 (❌) - State participation is a central feature of the NITI Aayog approach.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Cooperative federalism emphasizes collaboration between the Union and States.
- Statement 4 (❌) - NITI Aayog also emphasizes State-specific strategies and diversity.
17 Which of the following is most closely associated with the concept of competitive federalism in the context of NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (1) Encouraging States and Union Territories to improve performance through comparable indicators and rankings.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Performance rankings and indices encourage States and UTs to compete and improve outcomes.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Competitive federalism does not mean uniform taxation by all States.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog does not seek abolition of State policy institutions.
- Statement 4 (❌) - State officials are not centrally appointed through NITI Aayog.
18 Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog's approach to planning is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) It functions primarily as a policy think tank and promotes long-term strategic and cooperative approaches rather than the old centralized planning model.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The era of centralized Five-Year Plan allocation ended with the Planning Commission.
- Statement 2 (❌) - NITI Aayog is not a constitutional authority with coercive power over States.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Union Budget continues to be a separate fiscal instrument.
- Statement 4 (✅) - NITI Aayog's role is primarily policy formulation, strategic advice, monitoring and fostering cooperative federalism.
19 Which of the following statements regarding NITI Aayog's relationship with financial devolution is correct?
Correct Answer: (3) NITI Aayog does not perform the constitutional function of recommending tax devolution; that function belongs to the Finance Commission.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Tax devolution recommendations are a constitutional function of the Finance Commission.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The Finance Commission continues as a separate constitutional body.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Article 280 assigns tax devolution recommendations to the Finance Commission.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Auditing is primarily associated with the Comptroller and Auditor General.
20 Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog is incorrect?
Correct Answer: (3) It is empowered by the Constitution to compulsorily approve every State's annual budget.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Cooperative federalism is a major objective of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 2 (✅) - NITI Aayog functions as a policy think tank.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog has no such constitutional power over State budgets.
- Statement 4 (✅) - Innovation, knowledge and evidence-based policy are important aspects of its approach.
21 Which of the following statements about the Planning Commission's Five-Year Plans is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) They provided medium-term development frameworks and influenced public investment and policy priorities.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Several plans fell short of their targets because of economic and external factors.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Public investment was a major component of planning.
- Statement 3 (❌) - Five-Year Plans were not constitutional laws enacted by Parliament.
- Statement 4 (✅) - Plans provided a structured framework for national development priorities and public investment.
22 Which period is commonly known as the "Plan Holiday" in India's planning history?
Correct Answer: (3) 1966–1969
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - This was the period of the First Five-Year Plan.
- Statement 2 (❌) - This was the period of the Third Five-Year Plan.
- Statement 3 (✅) - After the Third Plan, annual plans were adopted from 1966 to 1969.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Annual Plans were adopted in 1990–1992 during another planning transition.
23 Which of the following statements correctly describes the period 1990–1992 in India's planning history?
Correct Answer: (2) Annual Plans were implemented during this period before the Eighth Five-Year Plan began.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The First Plan covered 1951–1956.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Annual Plans were adopted in 1990–1992 during the transition before the Eighth Plan.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog was established in 2015.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Third Plan covered 1961–1966.
24 Which of the following was a major objective of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan?
Correct Answer: (3) Faster and more inclusive growth.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Inclusion was explicitly emphasized during the Eleventh Plan.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The State continued to play a major developmental role.
- Statement 3 (✅) - The Eleventh Plan's central theme was "Faster and More Inclusive Growth."
- Statement 4 (❌) - Defence was not its exclusive focus.
25 The Twelfth Five-Year Plan was associated with which broad theme?
Correct Answer: (2) Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Inclusion was an explicit priority.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The Twelfth Plan emphasized faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The plan was not limited to agriculture.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Complete nationalization was not its policy objective.
26 Which of the following statements regarding NITI Aayog's institutional structure is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) NITI Aayog includes a Governing Council and a structure involving the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, Union Ministers and experts/officials in specified roles.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Prime Minister is the Chairperson.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The Governing Council is primarily a Centre-State forum.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Prime Minister, not the President, chairs NITI Aayog.
- Statement 4 (✅) - The institutional design combines political leadership, State participation and expert inputs.
27 Which of the following statements about the Vice-Chairperson of NITI Aayog is correct?
Correct Answer: (3) The Vice-Chairperson is appointed by the Prime Minister and has the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Vice-Chairperson is not directly elected.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The office is not a constitutional office.
- Statement 3 (✅) - The Vice-Chairperson is appointed by the Prime Minister and is given Cabinet Minister rank.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Chief Justice of India has no such appointing authority.
28 Which of the following statements regarding NITI Aayog's full-time members is correct?
Correct Answer: (2) They are appointed by the Prime Minister and are part of NITI Aayog's expert and policy-oriented institutional structure.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - They are not elected by State Legislatures.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Full-time members form part of NITI Aayog's expert policy structure and are appointed through the executive framework.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Election Commission does not appoint them.
- Statement 4 (❌) - They are not judges.
29 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (4) Compulsory preparation and enforcement of Five-Year Plans for all States
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Cooperative federalism is a central theme of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Innovation and entrepreneurship are among its policy priorities.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Evidence-based policy and sharing of best practices are part of its think-tank role.
- Statement 4 (❌) - NITI Aayog does not prepare and enforce the old centralized Five-Year Plan system.
30 Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer: (4) Finance Commission — Constitutional body under Article 280
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Planning Commission was extra-constitutional and non-statutory.
- Statement 2 (❌) - NITI Aayog is an executive body created by executive resolution.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Finance Commission is a constitutional body.
- Statement 4 (✅) - Article 280 provides for the Finance Commission.
31 Which of the following statements best explains why NITI Aayog is often described as a "think tank"?
Correct Answer: (3) It provides strategic and policy advice, promotes research, innovation, best practices and long-term development strategies.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Law-making is the function of legislatures.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Implementation of schemes is primarily the responsibility of concerned ministries and governments.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Policy advice, research, innovation and strategic planning are central to its think-tank role.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Judicial review belongs to the judiciary.
32 Which of the following statements regarding the Aspirational Districts Programme is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) It uses convergence, collaboration and competition to improve outcomes in identified developmentally challenged districts.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The programme emphasizes collaboration among different levels of government.
- Statement 2 (❌) - It covers broad socio-economic development indicators.
- Statement 3 (❌) - It is not a constitutional programme under Article 280.
- Statement 4 (✅) - The programme emphasizes convergence, collaboration and competition for improved district-level outcomes.
33 Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of NITI Aayog in cooperative federalism?
Correct Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Greater State participation is central to cooperative federalism.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The Governing Council and other platforms facilitate Union-State interaction.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Sharing best practices is an important aspect of NITI Aayog's approach.
- Statement 4 (❌) - "All of the above" is the correct combination because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
34 Which of the following statements about the National Development Council is incorrect?
Correct Answer: (4) It was a constitutional body created directly by the Constitution of India.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - The NDC was established in 1952.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The Prime Minister chaired the NDC.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Greater State participation in planning was a major purpose.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The NDC was extra-constitutional, not a constitutional body.
35 Which of the following statements about the Planning Commission's composition is correct?
Correct Answer: (3) Its composition was determined through executive arrangements, with the Prime Minister as Chairman and a Deputy Chairman and other members.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Constitution did not prescribe the composition of the Planning Commission.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Its members were not elected by Parliament.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Its composition was determined administratively through executive decisions.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Chief Ministers were associated with the NDC, not as all members of the Planning Commission.
36 Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission?
Correct Answer: (2) The Deputy Chairman was responsible for the day-to-day functioning and played a central role in the Commission's planning work.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Finance Commission has a separate constitutional structure.
- Statement 2 (✅) - The Deputy Chairman had a major operational and policy role in the Planning Commission.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The Deputy Chairman was appointed, not elected by State Legislatures.
- Statement 4 (❌) - There was no judicial office called Chief Justice of the Planning Commission.
37 Which of the following statements correctly describes the change from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - The institutional transition marked a shift away from centralized planning.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Greater State participation is central to NITI Aayog's cooperative federalism approach.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Strategic, outcome-oriented and evidence-based policy received greater emphasis.
- Statement 4 (❌) - "All of the above" is correct because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
38 Which of the following is a major difference between NITI Aayog and the Planning Commission?
Correct Answer: (2) NITI Aayog does not have the same centralized resource-allocation role that the Planning Commission exercised in the Five-Year Plan era.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Neither institution is a constitutional or statutory body in this sense.
- Statement 2 (✅) - This is a major distinction between the two institutional models.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog is not a judicial institution.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Planning Commission was an executive body, not an elected institution.
39 Which of the following statements about the SDG India Index is correct?
Correct Answer: (3) It is an important NITI Aayog initiative for tracking the progress of States and Union Territories towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Election Commission does not prepare the SDG India Index.
- Statement 2 (❌) - The index evaluates States and Union Territories.
- Statement 3 (✅) - NITI Aayog uses the SDG India Index to monitor progress on SDG-related indicators.
- Statement 4 (❌) - It is not a constitutional requirement under Article 280.
40 Which of the following best reflects the concept of "bottom-up planning" associated with the newer approach to development planning?
Correct Answer: (2) Development priorities are informed by local and State-level needs and are integrated into broader national strategies.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - Bottom-up planning seeks greater participation from lower levels.
- Statement 2 (✅) - It emphasizes local realities and State-level priorities in national development strategies.
- Statement 3 (❌) - Bottom-up planning involves governmental and stakeholder participation, not only private corporations.
- Statement 4 (❌) - It seeks to broaden participation beyond the Union level.
41 Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog and State Governments is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) NITI Aayog works with States mainly through consultation, policy coordination, knowledge sharing, monitoring and cooperative mechanisms.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - NITI Aayog has no power to dissolve State Governments.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Legislative powers are distributed by the Constitution among Parliament and State Legislatures.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog has no independent power to impose taxes.
- Statement 4 (✅) - Consultation, coordination and knowledge-sharing are central to its federal approach.
42 Consider the following statements about the Planning Commission and Finance Commission. Which one is correct?
Correct Answer: (3) The Planning Commission was an executive body, while the Finance Commission is a constitutional body under Article 280.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Planning Commission was not constitutional.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Neither was created by an ordinary Act of Parliament.
- Statement 3 (✅) - This accurately distinguishes their constitutional status.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Finance Commission has an independent constitutional basis.
43 Which of the following statements regarding the end of Five-Year Plans is correct?
Correct Answer: (2) The Twelfth Five-Year Plan, covering 2012–2017, was the last Five-Year Plan of India.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Twelfth Plan ended in 2017.
- Statement 2 (✅) - It was the final Five-Year Plan, after which the centralized Five-Year Plan framework was discontinued.
- Statement 3 (❌) - The First Plan began in 1951, decades before NITI Aayog.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Eighth Plan was from 1992 to 1997.
44 Which of the following is a key difference between "planning" under the Planning Commission and "policy strategy" under NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (1) The former emphasized centralized plan formulation and resource allocation, whereas the latter emphasizes strategic policy advice, coordination and outcome-based approaches.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - This captures the major conceptual shift in India's planning architecture.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Their institutional roles differ significantly.
- Statement 3 (❌) - NITI Aayog is not a constitutional body.
- Statement 4 (❌) - The Planning Commission was an executive policy institution.
45 Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog's role in monitoring development outcomes is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) It develops indices, monitors selected outcomes and supports evidence-based assessment of development performance.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - The Union Budget is prepared through the Ministry of Finance and the constitutional parliamentary process.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Monitoring and evaluation are important parts of NITI Aayog's role.
- Statement 3 (❌) - Auditing is primarily the role of the CAG.
- Statement 4 (✅) - NITI Aayog uses indices, dashboards and other analytical mechanisms to assess development outcomes.
46 Consider the following statements about NITI Aayog. Which combination is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) A, B and C
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Cooperative federalism is a central objective of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Competitive federalism is promoted through performance comparisons and rankings.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Policy innovation and sharing best practices are important think-tank functions.
- Statement 4 (❌) - "A, B and C" is the correct combination because all three statements are correct.
47 Which of the following statements regarding the constitutional status of NITI Aayog is correct?
Correct Answer: (3) NITI Aayog is neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body; it was created through an executive resolution.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (❌) - NITI Aayog is not expressly mentioned in the Constitution.
- Statement 2 (❌) - Article 263 concerns the Inter-State Council, not NITI Aayog.
- Statement 3 (✅) - NITI Aayog was created by an executive resolution of the Union Government.
- Statement 4 (❌) - Unlike the Finance Commission, NITI Aayog is not a constitutional commission.
48 Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes the Inter-State Council from NITI Aayog?
Correct Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - The Inter-State Council has constitutional recognition under Article 263, whereas NITI Aayog is executive.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Article 263 relates to the Inter-State Council.
- Statement 3 (✅) - Their institutional purposes and legal bases differ.
- Statement 4 (❌) - "All of the above" is correct because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
49 Which of the following statements about India's transition from centralized planning to the NITI Aayog model is incorrect?
Correct Answer: (4) NITI Aayog restored the Planning Commission's authority to centrally allocate all plan funds to States.
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - Cooperative federalism is a core feature of NITI Aayog.
- Statement 2 (✅) - Competitive federalism is promoted through performance comparisons and rankings.
- Statement 3 (✅) - State-specific and local approaches are encouraged.
- Statement 4 (❌) - NITI Aayog did not restore the Planning Commission's centralized plan-fund allocation role.
50 Consider the following statements regarding the Planning Commission and NITI Aayog. Which one of the following combinations is correct?
Correct Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation:
- Statement 1 (✅) - The Planning Commission was an extra-constitutional and non-statutory executive body established in 1950.
- Statement 2 (✅) - NITI Aayog is also an executive institution created through an executive resolution and is not a constitutional body.
- Statement 3 (✅) - NITI Aayog's institutional philosophy emphasizes cooperative and competitive federalism, strategic policy advice and State participation.
- Statement 4 (❌) - "All of the above" is the correct combination because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
1 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Constitutional body under Article 280
- Established by executive resolution in 1950
- Established by Union Cabinet resolution in 2015
- Forum for approval/review of Five-Year Plans
- Statutory body for inter-State disputes
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Constitutional body under Article 280
- Established by executive resolution in 1950
- Established by Union Cabinet resolution in 2015
- Forum for approval/review of Five-Year Plans
- Statutory body for inter-State disputes
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | C | B | A | D |
| (C) | B | D | C | A |
| (D) | B | C | D | A |
Correct Answer: (D)
- Planning Commission - B - It was established by an executive resolution in 1950.
- NITI Aayog - C - It was created by Union Cabinet resolution in 2015.
- National Development Council - D - It served as a forum associated with Five-Year Plans.
- Finance Commission - A - It is a constitutional body under Article 280.
2 Match the Following:
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Third Five-Year Plan
- Fourth Five-Year Plan
- 1969–1974
- 1951–1956
- 1956–1961
- 1961–1966
- 1974–1979
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Third Five-Year Plan
- Fourth Five-Year Plan
- 1969–1974
- 1951–1956
- 1956–1961
- 1961–1966
- 1974–1979
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | B | C | D | A |
| (C) | C | B | A | D |
| (D) | D | C | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- First Five-Year Plan - B - The First Plan covered 1951–1956.
- Second Five-Year Plan - C - The Second Plan covered 1956–1961.
- Third Five-Year Plan - D - The Third Plan covered 1961–1966.
- Fourth Five-Year Plan - A - The Fourth Plan covered 1969–1974.
3 Match the Following:
- Fifth Five-Year Plan
- Sixth Five-Year Plan
- Seventh Five-Year Plan
- Eighth Five-Year Plan
- 1985–1990
- 1974–1979
- 1992–1997
- 1980–1985
- 1997–2002
- Fifth Five-Year Plan
- Sixth Five-Year Plan
- Seventh Five-Year Plan
- Eighth Five-Year Plan
- 1985–1990
- 1974–1979
- 1992–1997
- 1980–1985
- 1997–2002
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | A | C |
| (B) | D | B | A | C |
| (C) | B | A | D | C |
| (D) | C | D | A | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Fifth Five-Year Plan - B - The Fifth Plan covered 1974–1979.
- Sixth Five-Year Plan - D - The Sixth Plan covered 1980–1985.
- Seventh Five-Year Plan - A - The Seventh Plan covered 1985–1990.
- Eighth Five-Year Plan - C - The Eighth Plan covered 1992–1997.
4 Match the Following:
- Ninth Five-Year Plan
- Tenth Five-Year Plan
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- 2007–2012
- 1997–2002
- 2012–2017
- 2002–2007
- 1985–1990
- Ninth Five-Year Plan
- Tenth Five-Year Plan
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- 2007–2012
- 1997–2002
- 2012–2017
- 2002–2007
- 1985–1990
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | B | A | C |
| (B) | B | D | A | C |
| (C) | B | A | D | C |
| (D) | C | D | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Ninth Five-Year Plan - B - The Ninth Plan covered 1997–2002.
- Tenth Five-Year Plan - D - The Tenth Plan covered 2002–2007.
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan - A - The Eleventh Plan covered 2007–2012.
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan - C - The Twelfth Plan covered 2012–2017.
5 Match the Following:
- First Plan
- Second Plan
- Third Plan
- Fourth Plan
- Mahalanobis strategy
- Self-reliance and growth with stability
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Self-reliant growth and removal of poverty
- Inclusive growth
- First Plan
- Second Plan
- Third Plan
- Fourth Plan
- Mahalanobis strategy
- Self-reliance and growth with stability
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Self-reliant growth and removal of poverty
- Inclusive growth
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | D | B |
| (B) | A | C | D | B |
| (C) | C | D | A | B |
| (D) | B | A | C | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- First Plan - C - The First Plan gave priority to agriculture and irrigation.
- Second Plan - A - The Second Plan is associated with the Mahalanobis strategy.
- Third Plan - D - The Third Plan emphasized self-reliant growth and removal of poverty.
- Fourth Plan - B - The Fourth Plan emphasized growth with stability and self-reliance.
6 Match the Following:
- Plan Holiday
- Rolling Plan
- Annual Plans
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- 2012–2017
- 1966–1969
- 1978–1980
- 1990–1992
- 1985–1990
- Plan Holiday
- Rolling Plan
- Annual Plans
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- 2012–2017
- 1966–1969
- 1978–1980
- 1990–1992
- 1985–1990
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | B | C | D | A |
| (C) | D | C | B | A |
| (D) | B | D | C | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Plan Holiday - B - The period 1966–1969 consisted of Annual Plans.
- Rolling Plan - C - The Janata government introduced a Rolling Plan for 1978–1980.
- Annual Plans - D - Annual Plans were implemented during 1990–1992 as well.
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan - A - The Twelfth Plan covered 2012–2017.
7 Match the Following:
- Gadgil Strategy
- Mahalanobis Model
- Rolling Plan
- Indicative Planning
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Janata government period
- Resource allocation among states
- Planning with greater market orientation
- First Five-Year Plan
- Gadgil Strategy
- Mahalanobis Model
- Rolling Plan
- Indicative Planning
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Janata government period
- Resource allocation among states
- Planning with greater market orientation
- First Five-Year Plan
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | B | D |
| (B) | A | C | B | D |
| (C) | C | B | A | D |
| (D) | D | A | C | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Gadgil Strategy - C - It was associated with allocation of plan resources among states.
- Mahalanobis Model - A - It shaped the Second Five-Year Plan.
- Rolling Plan - B - It was introduced during the Janata government period.
- Indicative Planning - D - It allows a greater role for market forces.
8 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- GST Council
- Finance Commission
- Article 279A
- Article 280
- Executive body for policy coordination
- Central planning body abolished in 2015
- Article 324
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- GST Council
- Finance Commission
- Article 279A
- Article 280
- Executive body for policy coordination
- Central planning body abolished in 2015
- Article 324
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | C | A | B |
| (B) | C | D | A | B |
| (C) | D | C | A | B |
| (D) | C | A | D | B |
Correct Answer: (C)
- Planning Commission - D - It was replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015.
- NITI Aayog - C - It is an executive policy think tank and coordination institution.
- GST Council - A - The GST Council is provided under Article 279A.
- Finance Commission - B - The Finance Commission is provided under Article 280.
9 Match the Following:
- Chairperson of NITI Aayog
- Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog
- CEO of NITI Aayog
- Governing Council of NITI Aayog
- Chief executive appointed by Prime Minister
- Prime Minister of India
- Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors of States/UTs
- Appointed by the Prime Minister
- Speaker of Lok Sabha
- Chairperson of NITI Aayog
- Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog
- CEO of NITI Aayog
- Governing Council of NITI Aayog
- Chief executive appointed by Prime Minister
- Prime Minister of India
- Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors of States/UTs
- Appointed by the Prime Minister
- Speaker of Lok Sabha
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | A | C |
| (B) | D | B | A | C |
| (C) | B | A | D | C |
| (D) | C | D | A | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Chairperson of NITI Aayog - B - The Prime Minister is the Chairperson.
- Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog - D - The Vice Chairperson is appointed by the Prime Minister.
- CEO of NITI Aayog - A - The CEO is the chief executive of NITI Aayog and is appointed by the Prime Minister.
- Governing Council of NITI Aayog - C - It includes Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors of relevant Union Territories.
10 Match the Following:
- NITI Aayog Governing Council
- Regional Council
- Special Invitees
- Full-time Members
- Experts and specialists invited for specific matters
- Members with substantive policy expertise
- May be constituted for specific regional issues
- Forum for Centre-State policy dialogue
- Constitutional adjudicatory body
- NITI Aayog Governing Council
- Regional Council
- Special Invitees
- Full-time Members
- Experts and specialists invited for specific matters
- Members with substantive policy expertise
- May be constituted for specific regional issues
- Forum for Centre-State policy dialogue
- Constitutional adjudicatory body
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | C | A | B |
| (B) | D | C | A | B |
| (C) | C | D | B | A |
| (D) | D | A | C | B |
Correct Answer: (B)
- NITI Aayog Governing Council - D - It provides a platform for Centre-State policy dialogue.
- Regional Council - C - It may be constituted for specific regional issues.
- Special Invitees - A - Experts may be invited for specific subjects.
- Full-time Members - B - They contribute substantive policy expertise.
11 Match the Following:
- Cooperative Federalism
- Competitive Federalism
- Bottom-up approach
- Policy Think Tank
- Encouraging States to improve performance
- Evidence-based policy advice
- Participation of States in national policymaking
- Local-level inputs moving upward
- Judicial review of laws
- Cooperative Federalism
- Competitive Federalism
- Bottom-up approach
- Policy Think Tank
- Encouraging States to improve performance
- Evidence-based policy advice
- Participation of States in national policymaking
- Local-level inputs moving upward
- Judicial review of laws
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | D | B |
| (B) | A | C | D | B |
| (C) | C | D | A | B |
| (D) | D | A | C | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Cooperative Federalism - C - It emphasizes Centre-State participation in policymaking.
- Competitive Federalism - A - It encourages States to improve performance relative to others.
- Bottom-up approach - D - It emphasizes local inputs in policymaking.
- Policy Think Tank - B - NITI Aayog provides evidence-based policy advice.
12 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission's original role
- NITI Aayog's principal orientation
- Finance Commission's core function
- GST Council's core function
- Recommendations on tax devolution
- Policy coordination and strategic advice
- Integrated planning and resource allocation
- Recommendations on GST matters
- Appointment of judges
- Planning Commission's original role
- NITI Aayog's principal orientation
- Finance Commission's core function
- GST Council's core function
- Recommendations on tax devolution
- Policy coordination and strategic advice
- Integrated planning and resource allocation
- Recommendations on GST matters
- Appointment of judges
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | B | A | D |
| (B) | C | B | A | D |
| (C) | B | C | A | D |
| (D) | C | D | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission's original role - C - It was associated with national planning and resource allocation.
- NITI Aayog's principal orientation - B - It focuses on policy coordination and strategic advice.
- Finance Commission's core function - A - It recommends distribution of tax revenues.
- GST Council's core function - D - It makes recommendations on GST-related matters.
13 Match the Following:
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Atal Innovation Mission
- SDG India Index
- National Multidimensional Poverty Index
- Innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem
- Multidimensional poverty measurement
- District transformation through convergence and competition
- Monitoring SDG performance of States and UTs
- Inter-State water adjudication
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Atal Innovation Mission
- SDG India Index
- National Multidimensional Poverty Index
- Innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem
- Multidimensional poverty measurement
- District transformation through convergence and competition
- Monitoring SDG performance of States and UTs
- Inter-State water adjudication
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | D | B |
| (B) | A | C | D | B |
| (C) | C | D | A | B |
| (D) | D | A | C | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Aspirational Districts Programme - C - It focuses on transforming identified districts through convergence, collaboration and competition.
- Atal Innovation Mission - A - It promotes innovation and entrepreneurship.
- SDG India Index - D - It tracks SDG progress across States and Union Territories.
- National Multidimensional Poverty Index - B - It measures poverty across multiple dimensions.
14 Match the Following:
- NITI Aayog
- Planning Commission
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Constitutional recommendation body
- Executive policy institution created in 2015
- Executive planning institution created in 1950
- Associated with national development plans
- Constitutional amendment body
- NITI Aayog
- Planning Commission
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Constitutional recommendation body
- Executive policy institution created in 2015
- Executive planning institution created in 1950
- Associated with national development plans
- Constitutional amendment body
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | B | C | D | A |
| (C) | C | B | A | D |
| (D) | D | C | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- NITI Aayog - B - It is an executive institution created in 2015.
- Planning Commission - C - It was an executive planning institution created in 1950.
- National Development Council - D - It was associated with national development planning.
- Finance Commission - A - It is a constitutional recommendation body.
15 Match the Following:
- Prime Minister
- Chief Ministers
- Lieutenant Governors
- Union Ministers nominated by Prime Minister
- Members of NITI Aayog Governing Council from States
- Chairperson of NITI Aayog
- Members representing Union Territories
- Ex-officio members of NITI Aayog
- Chairperson of Finance Commission
- Prime Minister
- Chief Ministers
- Lieutenant Governors
- Union Ministers nominated by Prime Minister
- Members of NITI Aayog Governing Council from States
- Chairperson of NITI Aayog
- Members representing Union Territories
- Ex-officio members of NITI Aayog
- Chairperson of Finance Commission
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | C | D |
| (B) | A | B | D | C |
| (C) | B | C | A | D |
| (D) | D | A | C | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Prime Minister - B - The Prime Minister chairs NITI Aayog.
- Chief Ministers - A - Chief Ministers represent States in the Governing Council.
- Lieutenant Governors - C - They represent relevant Union Territories in the Governing Council.
- Union Ministers nominated by Prime Minister - D - They may serve as ex-officio members.
16 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Inter-State Council
- Article 263
- Created in 1950
- Created in 2015
- Associated with Five-Year Plans
- Article 324
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Inter-State Council
- Article 263
- Created in 1950
- Created in 2015
- Associated with Five-Year Plans
- Article 324
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | B | C | D | A |
| (C) | D | B | C | A |
| (D) | B | D | C | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission - B - It was established in 1950.
- NITI Aayog - C - It was created in 2015.
- National Development Council - D - It was closely associated with Five-Year Plans.
- Inter-State Council - A - It is associated with Article 263.
17 Match the Following:
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Fifth Five-Year Plan
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan
- Inclusive Growth
- Growth with Social Justice
- Rapid industrialisation
- Priority to agriculture
- Garibi Hatao
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Fifth Five-Year Plan
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan
- Inclusive Growth
- Growth with Social Justice
- Rapid industrialisation
- Priority to agriculture
- Garibi Hatao
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | C | E | A |
| (B) | D | C | A | E |
| (C) | C | D | E | A |
| (D) | D | A | C | E |
Correct Answer: (A)
- First Five-Year Plan - D - Agriculture received the highest priority in the First Plan.
- Second Five-Year Plan - C - The Second Plan emphasized rapid industrialisation.
- Fifth Five-Year Plan - E - Garibi Hatao was a major theme of the Fifth Plan.
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan - A - The Eleventh Plan emphasized inclusive growth.
18 Match the Following:
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan
- Tenth Five-Year Plan
- Ninth Five-Year Plan
- Faster and more inclusive growth
- Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth
- Growth with social justice and equality
- Faster economic growth with human development
- Self-reliance
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan
- Tenth Five-Year Plan
- Ninth Five-Year Plan
- Faster and more inclusive growth
- Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth
- Growth with social justice and equality
- Faster economic growth with human development
- Self-reliance
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | D | C |
| (B) | B | A | D | C |
| (C) | A | B | C | D |
| (D) | B | D | A | C |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan - B - Its theme was faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth.
- Eleventh Five-Year Plan - A - It focused on faster and more inclusive growth.
- Tenth Five-Year Plan - D - It emphasized faster growth along with human development objectives.
- Ninth Five-Year Plan - C - It emphasized growth with social justice and equality.
19 Match the Following:
- National Institution for Transforming India
- Planning Commission
- National Development Council
- Governing Council of NITI Aayog
- Created through executive resolution in 1950
- Forum of Centre-State policy dialogue
- NITI Aayog's full form
- Associated with Five-Year Plan approval
- Constitutional authority under Article 280
- National Institution for Transforming India
- Planning Commission
- National Development Council
- Governing Council of NITI Aayog
- Created through executive resolution in 1950
- Forum of Centre-State policy dialogue
- NITI Aayog's full form
- Associated with Five-Year Plan approval
- Constitutional authority under Article 280
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | D | B |
| (B) | C | B | D | A |
| (C) | A | C | D | B |
| (D) | C | A | B | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- National Institution for Transforming India - C - This is the expanded name of NITI Aayog.
- Planning Commission - A - It was created through an executive resolution in 1950.
- National Development Council - D - It was associated with the national Five-Year Plans.
- Governing Council of NITI Aayog - B - It provides a forum for Centre-State policy dialogue.
20 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- Election Commission
- Constitutional body
- Non-constitutional executive institution
- Constitutional body under Article 280
- Constitutional body under Article 324
- Statutory tribunal
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- Election Commission
- Constitutional body
- Non-constitutional executive institution
- Constitutional body under Article 280
- Constitutional body under Article 324
- Statutory tribunal
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | C | D |
| (B) | A | B | C | D |
| (C) | B | C | A | D |
| (D) | C | A | B | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Planning Commission - B - It was a non-constitutional executive institution.
- NITI Aayog - A - It is also an executive, non-constitutional institution.
- Finance Commission - C - It is a constitutional body under Article 280.
- Election Commission - D - It is a constitutional body under Article 324.
21 Match the Following:
- NITI Aayog's Chairperson
- NITI Aayog's Vice Chairperson
- NITI Aayog's CEO
- Governing Council
- Appointed by Prime Minister
- Prime Minister
- Chief Ministers and UT representatives
- Chief executive officer of institution
- President of India
- NITI Aayog's Chairperson
- NITI Aayog's Vice Chairperson
- NITI Aayog's CEO
- Governing Council
- Appointed by Prime Minister
- Prime Minister
- Chief Ministers and UT representatives
- Chief executive officer of institution
- President of India
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | D | C |
| (B) | B | A | D | C |
| (C) | A | B | C | D |
| (D) | B | D | A | C |
Correct Answer: (B)
- NITI Aayog's Chairperson - B - The Prime Minister is its Chairperson.
- NITI Aayog's Vice Chairperson - A - The Vice Chairperson is appointed by the Prime Minister.
- NITI Aayog's CEO - D - The CEO functions as the chief executive of NITI Aayog.
- Governing Council - C - It includes Chief Ministers and representatives of Union Territories.
22 Match the Following:
- First Plan
- Second Plan
- Fourth Plan
- Fifth Plan
- Growth with stability
- Industrialisation based on heavy industries
- Agriculture-led development
- Removal of poverty and self-reliance
- Inclusive growth
- First Plan
- Second Plan
- Fourth Plan
- Fifth Plan
- Growth with stability
- Industrialisation based on heavy industries
- Agriculture-led development
- Removal of poverty and self-reliance
- Inclusive growth
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | B | A | D |
| (B) | B | C | A | D |
| (C) | C | A | B | D |
| (D) | D | B | A | C |
Correct Answer: (A)
- First Plan - C - The First Plan gave priority to agriculture.
- Second Plan - B - The Second Plan emphasized heavy-industry-led industrialisation.
- Fourth Plan - A - The Fourth Plan stressed growth with stability.
- Fifth Plan - D - The Fifth Plan emphasized poverty removal and self-reliance.
23 Match the Following:
- Governing Council
- Regional Council
- Special Invitees
- Ex-officio Members
- Union Ministers nominated by Prime Minister
- Specific regional issues
- Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors
- Experts invited for specific subjects
- Judges of Supreme Court
- Governing Council
- Regional Council
- Special Invitees
- Ex-officio Members
- Union Ministers nominated by Prime Minister
- Specific regional issues
- Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors
- Experts invited for specific subjects
- Judges of Supreme Court
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | B | D | A |
| (B) | C | B | D | A |
| (C) | A | C | D | B |
| (D) | C | D | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Governing Council - C - It includes Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors.
- Regional Council - B - It can address specific regional issues.
- Special Invitees - D - Experts may be invited for particular subjects.
- Ex-officio Members - A - Selected Union Ministers can be ex-officio members.
24 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Recommends vertical and horizontal tax devolution
- Promotes cooperative and competitive federalism
- Prepared national Five-Year Plans
- Approved/reviewed national development plans
- Conducts elections
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Recommends vertical and horizontal tax devolution
- Promotes cooperative and competitive federalism
- Prepared national Five-Year Plans
- Approved/reviewed national development plans
- Conducts elections
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | B | D | A |
| (B) | B | C | D | A |
| (C) | C | D | B | A |
| (D) | D | B | C | A |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Planning Commission - C - It prepared national Five-Year Plans.
- NITI Aayog - B - It promotes cooperative and competitive federalism.
- National Development Council - D - It was associated with approval and review of development plans.
- Finance Commission - A - It recommends tax devolution between Centre and States.
25 Match the Following:
- Five-Year Plans
- Annual Plans
- Rolling Plan
- Three-Year Action Agenda
- NITI Aayog's medium-term framework
- Longer-term fixed planning cycle
- Planning arrangement during 1966–1969
- Planning arrangement introduced in 1978
- Constitutional plan under Article 280
- Five-Year Plans
- Annual Plans
- Rolling Plan
- Three-Year Action Agenda
- NITI Aayog's medium-term framework
- Longer-term fixed planning cycle
- Planning arrangement during 1966–1969
- Planning arrangement introduced in 1978
- Constitutional plan under Article 280
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | B | C | D | A |
| (C) | D | B | C | A |
| (D) | B | D | C | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Five-Year Plans - B - They followed a fixed five-year planning cycle.
- Annual Plans - C - They were used during 1966–1969.
- Rolling Plan - D - The Janata government introduced it in 1978.
- Three-Year Action Agenda - A - It was part of NITI Aayog's post-Five-Year Plan framework.
26 Match the Following:
- Plan Holiday of 1966–1969
- Emergency period planning
- Economic liberalisation period
- Post-2017 planning framework
- NITI Aayog framework
- Annual Plans
- Fifth Plan period
- Eighth Plan and subsequent reforms
- Second Plan
- Plan Holiday of 1966–1969
- Emergency period planning
- Economic liberalisation period
- Post-2017 planning framework
- NITI Aayog framework
- Annual Plans
- Fifth Plan period
- Eighth Plan and subsequent reforms
- Second Plan
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | B | D | C | A |
| (C) | C | B | D | A |
| (D) | B | C | A | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Plan Holiday of 1966–1969 - B - Annual Plans operated during this period.
- Emergency period planning - C - The Fifth Plan was being implemented during the Emergency period.
- Economic liberalisation period - D - The Eighth Plan began in the post-1991 reform environment.
- Post-2017 planning framework - A - NITI Aayog replaced the Five-Year Plan framework with a different policy-planning approach.
27 Match the Following:
- Vision for India@2047
- SDG India Index
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Atal Innovation Mission
- Innovation ecosystem
- Long-term national development vision
- District-level transformation
- SDG monitoring
- Tax devolution
- Vision for India@2047
- SDG India Index
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Atal Innovation Mission
- Innovation ecosystem
- Long-term national development vision
- District-level transformation
- SDG monitoring
- Tax devolution
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | C | A |
| (B) | B | D | C | A |
| (C) | D | B | A | C |
| (D) | B | C | D | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Vision for India@2047 - B - It concerns India's long-term development vision.
- SDG India Index - D - It monitors SDG performance.
- Aspirational Districts Programme - C - It focuses on transformation at district level.
- Atal Innovation Mission - A - It promotes innovation and entrepreneurship.
28 Match the Following:
- Competitive federalism
- Cooperative federalism
- Evidence-based policymaking
- Localised planning
- Data-driven policy formulation
- State performance comparison
- Participation of multiple levels of government
- District and local-level development inputs
- Centralised judicial administration
- Competitive federalism
- Cooperative federalism
- Evidence-based policymaking
- Localised planning
- Data-driven policy formulation
- State performance comparison
- Participation of multiple levels of government
- District and local-level development inputs
- Centralised judicial administration
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | A | D |
| (B) | C | B | A | D |
| (C) | B | A | C | D |
| (D) | D | C | B | A |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Competitive federalism - B - It encourages comparison of State performance.
- Cooperative federalism - C - It emphasizes collaboration among levels of government.
- Evidence-based policymaking - A - It relies on data and evidence.
- Localised planning - D - It incorporates district and local-level inputs.
29 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- National Development Council
- NITI Aayog
- Governing Council
- Prime Minister chaired the institution
- Prime Minister chairs the institution
- Prime Minister chairs the forum
- Chief Ministers form an important component
- Chief Justice chairs the institution
- Planning Commission
- National Development Council
- NITI Aayog
- Governing Council
- Prime Minister chaired the institution
- Prime Minister chairs the institution
- Prime Minister chairs the forum
- Chief Ministers form an important component
- Chief Justice chairs the institution
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | A | C | B | D |
| (B) | A | C | B | D |
| (C) | B | A | C | D |
| (D) | A | B | C | D |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission - A - The Prime Minister served as its Chairperson.
- National Development Council - C - The Prime Minister chaired the Council.
- NITI Aayog - B - The Prime Minister is its Chairperson.
- Governing Council - D - Chief Ministers form an important component of it.
30 Match the Following:
- Five-Year Plan
- Plan Holiday
- Rolling Plan
- Twelfth Plan
- 2012–2017
- 1966–1969
- 1978–1980
- Fixed five-year planning framework
- 1992–1997
- Five-Year Plan
- Plan Holiday
- Rolling Plan
- Twelfth Plan
- 2012–2017
- 1966–1969
- 1978–1980
- Fixed five-year planning framework
- 1992–1997
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | B | C | A |
| (B) | D | C | B | A |
| (C) | A | B | C | D |
| (D) | D | B | A | C |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Five-Year Plan - D - It represented the fixed five-year planning framework.
- Plan Holiday - B - Annual Plans were used from 1966–1969.
- Rolling Plan - C - The Rolling Plan operated during 1978–1980.
- Twelfth Plan - A - The Twelfth Plan covered 2012–2017.
31 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission's Five-Year Plans
- NITI Aayog's Strategy
- NITI Aayog's Action Agenda
- SDG India Index
- Medium-term policy roadmap
- Long-term and strategic policy framework
- Monitoring development indicators
- Five-year centralised planning framework
- Constitutional fiscal transfers
- Planning Commission's Five-Year Plans
- NITI Aayog's Strategy
- NITI Aayog's Action Agenda
- SDG India Index
- Medium-term policy roadmap
- Long-term and strategic policy framework
- Monitoring development indicators
- Five-year centralised planning framework
- Constitutional fiscal transfers
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | B | A | C |
| (B) | D | B | A | C |
| (C) | B | D | A | C |
| (D) | D | A | B | C |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission's Five-Year Plans - D - They represented India's earlier five-year central planning framework.
- NITI Aayog's Strategy - B - It provides a long-term strategic policy framework.
- NITI Aayog's Action Agenda - A - It provides a medium-term policy roadmap.
- SDG India Index - C - It monitors development indicators linked to SDGs.
32 Match the Following:
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Seventh Five-Year Plan
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- Faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth
- Food, work and productivity
- Growth with social justice
- Mahalanobis strategy
- Inclusive growth
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Seventh Five-Year Plan
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan
- Faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth
- Food, work and productivity
- Growth with social justice
- Mahalanobis strategy
- Inclusive growth
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | C | A |
| (B) | D | B | C | A |
| (C) | B | C | D | A |
| (D) | B | D | A | C |
Correct Answer: (A)
- First Five-Year Plan - B - Its emphasis was strongly agricultural and food-oriented.
- Second Five-Year Plan - D - It is associated with the Mahalanobis strategy.
- Seventh Five-Year Plan - C - It emphasized growth with social justice and related objectives.
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan - A - Its theme was faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth.
33 Match the Following:
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- GST Council
- National Development Council
- Intergovernmental fiscal recommendations
- GST-related recommendations
- Policy think tank and federal coordination
- National plan discussion and review
- Electoral supervision
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- GST Council
- National Development Council
- Intergovernmental fiscal recommendations
- GST-related recommendations
- Policy think tank and federal coordination
- National plan discussion and review
- Electoral supervision
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | B | D |
| (B) | C | A | B | D |
| (C) | A | C | B | D |
| (D) | C | B | A | D |
Correct Answer: (B)
- NITI Aayog - C - It functions as a policy think tank and federal coordination institution.
- Finance Commission - A - It makes intergovernmental fiscal recommendations.
- GST Council - B - It makes recommendations on GST matters.
- National Development Council - D - It was associated with discussion and review of national plans.
34 Match the Following:
- 1950
- 1951
- 2015
- 2017
- First Five-Year Plan commenced
- NITI Aayog established
- Planning Commission established
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan ended
- GST Council constituted
- 1950
- 1951
- 2015
- 2017
- First Five-Year Plan commenced
- NITI Aayog established
- Planning Commission established
- Twelfth Five-Year Plan ended
- GST Council constituted
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | B | D |
| (B) | C | B | A | D |
| (C) | B | A | C | D |
| (D) | C | A | D | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- 1950 - C - The Planning Commission was established in 1950.
- 1951 - A - The First Five-Year Plan commenced in 1951.
- 2015 - B - NITI Aayog was established in 2015.
- 2017 - D - The Twelfth Five-Year Plan ended in 2017.
35 Match the Following:
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Third Five-Year Plan
- Sixth Five-Year Plan
- Garibi Hatao
- Heavy industries
- Self-reliance and food security
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Technology-driven growth
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Third Five-Year Plan
- Sixth Five-Year Plan
- Garibi Hatao
- Heavy industries
- Self-reliance and food security
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Technology-driven growth
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | B | C | A |
| (B) | D | B | C | A |
| (C) | B | D | C | A |
| (D) | D | C | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- First Five-Year Plan - D - Agriculture and irrigation were major priorities.
- Second Five-Year Plan - B - Heavy industries received major emphasis.
- Third Five-Year Plan - C - It emphasized self-reliance and food security.
- Sixth Five-Year Plan - A - Poverty removal remained a major objective during the Sixth Plan.
36 Match the Following:
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Aspirational Blocks Programme
- SDG India Index
- District-level data approach
- Block-level development transformation
- State and UT SDG performance
- Localised monitoring and competition
- Transformation of selected districts
- Monetary policy formulation
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Aspirational Blocks Programme
- SDG India Index
- District-level data approach
- Block-level development transformation
- State and UT SDG performance
- Localised monitoring and competition
- Transformation of selected districts
- Monetary policy formulation
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | A | B | C |
| (B) | A | D | B | C |
| (C) | D | B | A | C |
| (D) | C | A | B | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Aspirational Districts Programme - D - It focuses on transformation of selected districts.
- Aspirational Blocks Programme - A - It focuses on development transformation at block level.
- SDG India Index - B - It tracks SDG performance of States and Union Territories.
- District-level data approach - C - It supports localised monitoring and performance comparison.
37 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- Reserve Bank of India
- Monetary policy
- National planning
- Fiscal devolution recommendations
- Strategic policy advice
- Electoral rolls
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- Reserve Bank of India
- Monetary policy
- National planning
- Fiscal devolution recommendations
- Strategic policy advice
- Electoral rolls
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | C | A |
| (B) | B | D | C | A |
| (C) | D | B | A | C |
| (D) | C | D | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission - B - It was India's central planning institution.
- NITI Aayog - D - It provides strategic policy advice.
- Finance Commission - C - It recommends fiscal devolution.
- Reserve Bank of India - A - It is the monetary authority responsible for monetary policy.
38 Match the Following:
- Mahalanobis
- P.C. Mahalanobis
- Gadgil Formula
- Yojana Bhavan
- Planning Commission headquarters
- Second Five-Year Plan strategy
- Plan assistance allocation among States
- Statistician associated with planning methodology
- Finance Commission headquarters
- Mahalanobis
- P.C. Mahalanobis
- Gadgil Formula
- Yojana Bhavan
- Planning Commission headquarters
- Second Five-Year Plan strategy
- Plan assistance allocation among States
- Statistician associated with planning methodology
- Finance Commission headquarters
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | C | A |
| (B) | D | B | C | A |
| (C) | B | C | D | A |
| (D) | C | D | B | A |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Mahalanobis - B - The Mahalanobis strategy shaped the Second Plan.
- P.C. Mahalanobis - D - He was a leading Indian statistician associated with planning.
- Gadgil Formula - C - It was used for allocating plan assistance among States.
- Yojana Bhavan - A - It was associated with the Planning Commission's headquarters.
39 Match the Following:
- NITI Aayog's institutional status
- Planning Commission's institutional status
- Finance Commission's institutional status
- GST Council's institutional status
- Constitutional body under Article 280
- Constitutional body under Article 279A
- Executive body created by resolution
- Executive body replaced in 2015
- Statutory authority under an ordinary Act
- NITI Aayog's institutional status
- Planning Commission's institutional status
- Finance Commission's institutional status
- GST Council's institutional status
- Constitutional body under Article 280
- Constitutional body under Article 279A
- Executive body created by resolution
- Executive body replaced in 2015
- Statutory authority under an ordinary Act
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | D | A | B |
| (B) | D | C | A | B |
| (C) | C | D | B | A |
| (D) | B | C | A | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- NITI Aayog's institutional status - C - It is an executive institution created by resolution.
- Planning Commission's institutional status - D - It was an executive institution replaced in 2015.
- Finance Commission's institutional status - A - It is a constitutional body under Article 280.
- GST Council's institutional status - B - It is a constitutional body under Article 279A.
40 Match the Following:
- First Plan
- Second Plan
- Fifth Plan
- Twelfth Plan
- Faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth
- Heavy industrialisation
- Poverty removal
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Human development only
- First Plan
- Second Plan
- Fifth Plan
- Twelfth Plan
- Faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth
- Heavy industrialisation
- Poverty removal
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Human development only
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | B | C | A |
| (B) | D | B | C | A |
| (C) | B | D | C | A |
| (D) | D | C | B | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- First Plan - D - Agriculture and irrigation were its major priorities.
- Second Plan - B - Heavy industrialisation was its central strategy.
- Fifth Plan - C - Poverty removal was a major objective.
- Twelfth Plan - A - It emphasized faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth.
41 Match the Following:
- NITI Aayog
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Atal Innovation Mission
- SDG India Index
- Innovation and entrepreneurship
- Overall policy think tank
- District transformation
- SDG performance ranking framework
- Currency management
- NITI Aayog
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Atal Innovation Mission
- SDG India Index
- Innovation and entrepreneurship
- Overall policy think tank
- District transformation
- SDG performance ranking framework
- Currency management
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | A | D |
| (B) | A | B | C | D |
| (C) | B | D | C | A |
| (D) | D | C | A | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- NITI Aayog - B - It functions as the government's policy think tank.
- Aspirational Districts Programme - C - It aims at transformation of selected districts.
- Atal Innovation Mission - A - It promotes innovation and entrepreneurship.
- SDG India Index - D - It assesses SDG performance across States and UTs.
42 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Governing Council
- Centre-State policy dialogue
- Central planning and resource allocation
- Review and discussion of national development plans
- Federal policy dialogue under NITI Aayog
- Judicial dispute settlement
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Governing Council
- Centre-State policy dialogue
- Central planning and resource allocation
- Review and discussion of national development plans
- Federal policy dialogue under NITI Aayog
- Judicial dispute settlement
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | C | D |
| (B) | B | A | C | D |
| (C) | C | B | D | A |
| (D) | B | D | C | A |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission - B - It was responsible for central planning and resource allocation.
- NITI Aayog - A - It promotes Centre-State policy dialogue.
- National Development Council - C - It discussed and reviewed national development plans.
- Governing Council - D - It provides a federal policy dialogue platform under NITI Aayog.
43 Match the Following:
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Third Five-Year Plan
- Fourth Five-Year Plan
- Growth with stability
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Self-reliance and food security
- Heavy industries
- Inclusive growth
- First Five-Year Plan
- Second Five-Year Plan
- Third Five-Year Plan
- Fourth Five-Year Plan
- Growth with stability
- Agriculture and irrigation
- Self-reliance and food security
- Heavy industries
- Inclusive growth
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | D | C | A |
| (B) | D | B | C | A |
| (C) | B | C | D | A |
| (D) | C | D | B | A |
Correct Answer: (A)
- First Five-Year Plan - B - Agriculture and irrigation received priority.
- Second Five-Year Plan - D - Heavy industries were central to its strategy.
- Third Five-Year Plan - C - Self-reliance and food security were major objectives.
- Fourth Five-Year Plan - A - Growth with stability was an important objective.
44 Match the Following:
- 1950
- 1966–1969
- 1978–1980
- 1990–1992
- Annual Plans
- Planning Commission established
- Rolling Plan
- Annual Plans during political-economic transition
- NITI Aayog established
- 1950
- 1966–1969
- 1978–1980
- 1990–1992
- Annual Plans
- Planning Commission established
- Rolling Plan
- Annual Plans during political-economic transition
- NITI Aayog established
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | C | D |
| (B) | B | A | C | D |
| (C) | A | B | D | C |
| (D) | B | C | A | D |
Correct Answer: (B)
- 1950 - B - The Planning Commission was established in 1950.
- 1966–1969 - A - Annual Plans were implemented during the Plan Holiday.
- 1978–1980 - C - The Rolling Plan was introduced during this period.
- 1990–1992 - D - Annual Plans were used during this transition period.
45 Match the Following:
- Governing Council
- Prime Minister
- Vice Chairperson
- CEO
- Chief executive of NITI Aayog
- Heads NITI Aayog
- Appointed by Prime Minister
- Includes Chief Ministers and UT representatives
- Heads Finance Commission
- Governing Council
- Prime Minister
- Vice Chairperson
- CEO
- Chief executive of NITI Aayog
- Heads NITI Aayog
- Appointed by Prime Minister
- Includes Chief Ministers and UT representatives
- Heads Finance Commission
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | D | B | C | A |
| (B) | B | D | C | A |
| (C) | D | C | B | A |
| (D) | A | B | C | D |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Governing Council - D - It includes Chief Ministers and Union Territory representatives.
- Prime Minister - B - The Prime Minister heads NITI Aayog as its Chairperson.
- Vice Chairperson - C - The Vice Chairperson is appointed by the Prime Minister.
- CEO - A - The CEO is the chief executive of NITI Aayog.
46 Match the Following:
- Central planning
- Cooperative federalism
- Competitive federalism
- Outcome-based monitoring
- NITI Aayog approach
- Performance comparison among States
- Traditional Planning Commission orientation
- Measuring results against indicators
- Judicial federalism
- Central planning
- Cooperative federalism
- Competitive federalism
- Outcome-based monitoring
- NITI Aayog approach
- Performance comparison among States
- Traditional Planning Commission orientation
- Measuring results against indicators
- Judicial federalism
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | A | B | D |
| (B) | C | A | B | D |
| (C) | A | C | B | D |
| (D) | C | B | A | D |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Central planning - C - It characterized the earlier Planning Commission framework.
- Cooperative federalism - A - It is a key feature of NITI Aayog's approach.
- Competitive federalism - B - It involves performance comparison among States.
- Outcome-based monitoring - D - It focuses on measurable results against indicators.
47 Match the Following:
- Plan expenditure
- Non-Plan expenditure
- Plan and Non-Plan distinction
- Post-2017 expenditure classification
- Revenue and capital expenditure classification
- Old budgetary classification abolished
- Expenditure associated with planned development programmes
- Expenditure outside the Plan classification
- Constitutional expenditure category
- Plan expenditure
- Non-Plan expenditure
- Plan and Non-Plan distinction
- Post-2017 expenditure classification
- Revenue and capital expenditure classification
- Old budgetary classification abolished
- Expenditure associated with planned development programmes
- Expenditure outside the Plan classification
- Constitutional expenditure category
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | D | B | A |
| (B) | C | D | A | B |
| (C) | D | C | B | A |
| (D) | C | A | D | B |
Correct Answer: (A)
- Plan expenditure - C - It referred to expenditure associated with planned development programmes.
- Non-Plan expenditure - D - It referred to expenditure outside the Plan classification.
- Plan and Non-Plan distinction - B - The distinction was abolished from the Union Budget framework from 2017–18.
- Post-2017 expenditure classification - A - Revenue and capital classification became the relevant framework.
48 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- National Development Council
- Tax devolution recommendations
- Strategic policy advice
- National development planning
- Discussion and review of Five-Year Plans
- Monetary policy
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- Finance Commission
- National Development Council
- Tax devolution recommendations
- Strategic policy advice
- National development planning
- Discussion and review of Five-Year Plans
- Monetary policy
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | C | B | A | D |
| (B) | C | B | A | D |
| (C) | D | C | A | B |
| (D) | C | A | B | D |
Correct Answer: (B)
- Planning Commission - C - It was the central institution for national development planning.
- NITI Aayog - B - It provides strategic policy advice.
- Finance Commission - A - It recommends tax devolution between the Union and States.
- National Development Council - D - It was associated with discussion and review of Five-Year Plans.
49 Match the Following:
- 12th Five-Year Plan
- NITI Aayog
- Planning Commission
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Introduced in 2015
- Last Five-Year Plan
- Established in 1950
- Launched in 2018
- Started in 2005
- 12th Five-Year Plan
- NITI Aayog
- Planning Commission
- Aspirational Districts Programme
- Introduced in 2015
- Last Five-Year Plan
- Established in 1950
- Launched in 2018
- Started in 2005
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | A | C | D |
| (B) | B | C | A | D |
| (C) | A | B | C | D |
| (D) | B | A | D | C |
Correct Answer: (A)
- 12th Five-Year Plan - B - The Twelfth Plan was India's last Five-Year Plan.
- NITI Aayog - A - NITI Aayog was established in 2015.
- Planning Commission - C - The Planning Commission was established in 1950.
- Aspirational Districts Programme - D - The programme was launched in 2018.
50 Match the Following:
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Constitutional fiscal devolution
- Five-Year Plan formulation
- Cooperative and competitive federalism
- National development plan discussion
- Constitutional amendment procedure
- Planning Commission
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Finance Commission
- Constitutional fiscal devolution
- Five-Year Plan formulation
- Cooperative and competitive federalism
- National development plan discussion
- Constitutional amendment procedure
| Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | B | C | D | A |
| (B) | D | B | C | A |
| (C) | B | C | D | A |
| (D) | C | B | A | D |
Correct Answer: (C)
- Planning Commission - B - It was responsible for formulation of Five-Year Plans.
- NITI Aayog - C - It promotes cooperative and competitive federalism.
- National Development Council - D - It was associated with discussion and review of national development plans.
- Finance Commission - A - It deals with constitutional fiscal devolution.
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