Polity Chapter 28 MCQs - Emergency Provisions (आपात उपबंध)

Polity Chapter 28 MCQs - Emergency Provisions (आपात उपबंध)

1 Which Part of the Constitution of India contains the Emergency Provisions?

भारत के संविधान के किस भाग में आपात उपबंधों का वर्णन किया गया है?

1. Part XVI

   भाग XVI

2. Part XVII

   भाग XVII

3. Part XVIII

   भाग XVIII

4. Part XIX

   भाग XIX

Correct Answer: (3) Part XVIII

Part XVIII of the Constitution, comprising Articles 352 to 360, deals with Emergency Provisions. These include National Emergency, President's Rule in States and Financial Emergency.

2 Which Article of the Constitution deals with the proclamation of a National Emergency?

संविधान का कौन-सा अनुच्छेद राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा से संबंधित है?

1. Article 350

   अनुच्छेद 350

2. Article 352

   अनुच्छेद 352

3. Article 356

   अनुच्छेद 356

4. Article 360

   अनुच्छेद 360

Correct Answer: (2) Article 352

Article 352 provides for the proclamation of a National Emergency when the security of India or any part of its territory is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion.

3 Which of the following is NOT a ground for proclamation of a National Emergency under Article 352?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा अनुच्छेद 352 के तहत राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का आधार नहीं है?

1. War

   युद्ध

2. External aggression

   बाहरी आक्रमण

3. Armed rebellion

   सशस्त्र विद्रोह

4. Internal disturbance

   आंतरिक अशांति

Correct Answer: (4) Internal disturbance

The 44th Constitutional Amendment replaced the expression "internal disturbance" with "armed rebellion" as a ground for National Emergency. Therefore, internal disturbance by itself is no longer a constitutional ground under Article 352.

4 The expression "armed rebellion" as a ground for National Emergency was introduced by which Constitutional Amendment?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के आधार के रूप में "सशस्त्र विद्रोह" शब्दावली किस संविधान संशोधन द्वारा जोड़ी गई?

1. 42nd Constitutional Amendment

   42वाँ संविधान संशोधन

2. 44th Constitutional Amendment

   44वाँ संविधान संशोधन

3. 52nd Constitutional Amendment

   52वाँ संविधान संशोधन

4. 61st Constitutional Amendment

   61वाँ संविधान संशोधन

Correct Answer: (2) 44th Constitutional Amendment

The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 replaced "internal disturbance" with the narrower expression "armed rebellion" as one of the grounds for proclaiming a National Emergency.

5 Who can proclaim a National Emergency under Article 352?

अनुच्छेद 352 के तहत राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा कौन कर सकता है?

1. Prime Minister

   प्रधानमंत्री

2. Parliament

   संसद

3. Union Cabinet

   केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल

4. President of India

   भारत के राष्ट्रपति

Correct Answer: (4) President of India

Article 352 empowers the President to proclaim a National Emergency. However, after the 44th Amendment, the President can issue such a proclamation only upon the written advice of the Union Cabinet.

6 Under the 44th Constitutional Amendment, the President can proclaim a National Emergency only when:

44वें संविधान संशोधन के तहत राष्ट्रपति राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा कब कर सकता है?

1. The Prime Minister gives an oral recommendation

   जब प्रधानमंत्री मौखिक सिफारिश करे

2. Parliament passes a prior resolution

   जब संसद पहले से प्रस्ताव पारित करे

3. The Union Cabinet communicates its decision in writing

   जब केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल अपना निर्णय लिखित रूप में संप्रेषित करे

4. The Supreme Court gives prior approval

   जब सर्वोच्च न्यायालय पूर्व अनुमति दे

Correct Answer: (3) The Union Cabinet communicates its decision in writing

The 44th Amendment introduced the safeguard that the President shall not issue a proclamation under Article 352 unless the decision of the Union Cabinet to do so has been communicated to the President in writing.

7 A National Emergency under Article 352 may be proclaimed when the security of India or any part thereof is threatened by:

अनुच्छेद 352 के तहत राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल कब घोषित किया जा सकता है?

1. Economic instability only

   केवल आर्थिक अस्थिरता से

2. Constitutional breakdown in a State only

   केवल किसी राज्य में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता से

3. War, external aggression or armed rebellion

   युद्ध, बाहरी आक्रमण या सशस्त्र विद्रोह से

4. Failure of a constitutional authority only

   केवल किसी संवैधानिक प्राधिकरण की विफलता से

Correct Answer: (3) War, external aggression or armed rebellion

Article 352 specifically recognizes three grounds: war, external aggression and armed rebellion. The threat may relate to the security of the whole of India or any part of its territory.

8 Can a National Emergency be proclaimed on the basis of an imminent threat even before war, external aggression or armed rebellion actually occurs?

क्या युद्ध, बाहरी आक्रमण या सशस्त्र विद्रोह वास्तव में होने से पहले आसन्न खतरे के आधार पर राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल घोषित किया जा सकता है?

1. No, actual occurrence is mandatory

   नहीं, वास्तविक घटना होना अनिवार्य है

2. Only with Supreme Court approval

   केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की अनुमति से

3. Only during a war

   केवल युद्ध के दौरान

4. Yes, if the threat is imminent

   हाँ, यदि खतरा आसन्न हो

Correct Answer: (4) Yes, if the threat is imminent

Article 352 permits proclamation where the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or any part is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, whether before or after the actual occurrence of such events.

9 Within how many days must a proclamation of National Emergency be approved by both Houses of Parliament?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा को संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा कितने दिनों के भीतर अनुमोदित करना आवश्यक है?

1. 14 days

   14 दिन

2. 30 days

   30 दिन

3. One month

   एक माह

4. Three months

   तीन माह

Correct Answer: (3) One month

After the 44th Amendment, a proclamation of National Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month from the date of its issue. Otherwise, it ceases to operate.

10 What type of majority is required in each House of Parliament for approval of a National Emergency proclamation?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा के अनुमोदन के लिए संसद के प्रत्येक सदन में किस प्रकार का बहुमत आवश्यक है?

1. Simple majority only

   केवल साधारण बहुमत

2. Absolute majority only

   केवल पूर्ण बहुमत

3. Two-thirds majority of total membership

   कुल सदस्यता का दो-तिहाई बहुमत

4. Majority of total membership and not less than two-thirds of members present and voting

   कुल सदस्यता का बहुमत तथा उपस्थित और मतदान करने वाले सदस्यों का कम से कम दो-तिहाई बहुमत

Correct Answer: (4) Majority of total membership and not less than two-thirds of members present and voting

The 44th Amendment introduced a special majority requirement for approval of a National Emergency. Each House must pass the resolution by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of members present and voting.

11 If the Lok Sabha is dissolved when a National Emergency proclamation is made, the proclamation can continue if approved by the Rajya Sabha within one month and by the newly constituted Lok Sabha within:

यदि राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा के समय लोकसभा भंग हो, तो राज्यसभा द्वारा एक माह के भीतर अनुमोदन के बाद नई लोकसभा द्वारा कितने समय के भीतर अनुमोदन आवश्यक है?

1. 15 days of its first sitting

   उसकी पहली बैठक के 15 दिनों के भीतर

2. One month of its constitution

   गठन के एक माह के भीतर

3. 30 days from its first sitting

   उसकी पहली बैठक से 30 दिनों के भीतर

4. Six months from its constitution

   गठन के छह माह के भीतर

Correct Answer: (3) 30 days from its first sitting

When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, Rajya Sabha may approve the proclamation within one month. The newly constituted Lok Sabha must approve it within 30 days from the date of its first sitting.

12 Once approved by Parliament, a National Emergency normally remains in force for:

संसद द्वारा अनुमोदित होने के बाद राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल सामान्यतः कितने समय तक प्रभावी रहता है?

1. Three months

   तीन माह

2. Six months

   छह माह

3. Six months at a time, subject to further parliamentary approval

   एक बार में छह माह, आगे संसद के अनुमोदन के अधीन

4. One year without renewal

   बिना नवीनीकरण के एक वर्ष

Correct Answer: (3) Six months at a time, subject to further parliamentary approval

Once approved, the National Emergency continues for six months. It can be extended for further periods of six months each by resolutions approved by both Houses of Parliament.

13 Is there any maximum constitutional time limit for the continuation of a National Emergency, provided Parliament repeatedly approves it?

क्या राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की अवधि के लिए संविधान में कोई अधिकतम समय सीमा निर्धारित है, यदि संसद लगातार इसका अनुमोदन करती रहे?

1. Six months maximum

   अधिकतम छह माह

2. One year maximum

   अधिकतम एक वर्ष

3. Three years maximum

   अधिकतम तीन वर्ष

4. No fixed maximum period

   कोई निश्चित अधिकतम अवधि नहीं

Correct Answer: (4) No fixed maximum period

The Constitution does not prescribe an overall maximum duration for a National Emergency. However, it must be renewed every six months through parliamentary approval.

14 Which body can disapprove the continuation of a National Emergency even if the other House has not passed such a resolution?

यदि दूसरा सदन ऐसा प्रस्ताव पारित न करे, तब भी राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की निरंतरता को अस्वीकार करने की शक्ति किस सदन के पास है?

1. Rajya Sabha only

   केवल राज्यसभा

2. Lok Sabha

   लोकसभा

3. Supreme Court

   सर्वोच्च न्यायालय

4. State Legislative Assemblies collectively

   सभी राज्य विधानसभाएं सामूहिक रूप से

Correct Answer: (2) Lok Sabha

Under Article 352, the Lok Sabha has a special power to disapprove the continuation of a National Emergency. If at least one-tenth of the total members of the Lok Sabha give written notice, a special sitting must be held within fourteen days to consider such a resolution.

15 A special sitting of the Lok Sabha to consider disapproval of a National Emergency must be held within:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल को अस्वीकार करने पर विचार करने के लिए लोकसभा की विशेष बैठक कितने समय के भीतर आयोजित की जानी चाहिए?

1. 7 days

   7 दिन

2. 14 days

   14 दिन

3. 30 days

   30 दिन

4. 60 days

   60 दिन

Correct Answer: (2) 14 days

If not less than one-tenth of the total number of members of the Lok Sabha give notice of intention to move a resolution disapproving the proclamation, the Speaker, or the President if the House is not in session, must convene a special sitting within fourteen days.

16 A National Emergency can be revoked by:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल को किसके द्वारा समाप्त किया जा सकता है?

1. Only by the Supreme Court

   केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा

2. Only by Parliament

   केवल संसद द्वारा

3. The President by a subsequent proclamation

   राष्ट्रपति द्वारा बाद की उद्घोषणा से

4. Only by all State Legislatures

   केवल सभी राज्य विधानसभाओं द्वारा

Correct Answer: (3) The President by a subsequent proclamation

Under Article 352, the President may revoke a National Emergency by a subsequent proclamation. Additionally, the Lok Sabha can compel revocation through a resolution disapproving its continuation.

17 A proclamation of National Emergency may apply to:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा किस क्षेत्र पर लागू की जा सकती है?

1. Only the entire territory of India

   केवल भारत के पूरे क्षेत्र पर

2. Only the State where the emergency originated

   केवल उस राज्य पर जहां आपातकाल उत्पन्न हुआ

3. The whole of India or only such part of the territory as specified

   पूरे भारत या निर्दिष्ट भारत के किसी भाग पर

4. Only Union Territories

   केवल केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों पर

Correct Answer: (3) The whole of India or only such part of the territory as specified

Following the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, Article 352 expressly permits a National Emergency to be proclaimed for the whole of India or only such part of its territory as may be specified.

18 Which Fundamental Right is automatically suspended during a National Emergency proclaimed on the ground of war or external aggression?

युद्ध या बाहरी आक्रमण के आधार पर घोषित राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान कौन-सा मौलिक अधिकार स्वतः निलंबित हो जाता है?

1. Article 14

   अनुच्छेद 14

2. Article 19

   अनुच्छेद 19

3. Article 21

   अनुच्छेद 21

4. Article 32

   अनुच्छेद 32

Correct Answer: (2) Article 19

Under Article 358, the six freedoms under Article 19 are automatically suspended only when a National Emergency is proclaimed on the grounds of war or external aggression. This automatic suspension does not apply when the emergency is based solely on armed rebellion.

19 After the 44th Constitutional Amendment, Article 19 is automatically suspended during a National Emergency only when the emergency is based on:

44वें संविधान संशोधन के बाद अनुच्छेद 19 राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान स्वतः कब निलंबित होता है?

1. Armed rebellion only

   केवल सशस्त्र विद्रोह के आधार पर

2. Any financial crisis

   किसी भी वित्तीय संकट के आधार पर

3. War or external aggression

   युद्ध या बाहरी आक्रमण के आधार पर

4. President's Rule

   राष्ट्रपति शासन के आधार पर

Correct Answer: (3) War or external aggression

The 44th Amendment restricted the automatic operation of Article 358 to emergencies proclaimed on the grounds of war or external aggression. An emergency based on armed rebellion does not automatically suspend Article 19.

20 Which Fundamental Rights cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान भी कौन-से मौलिक अधिकार निलंबित नहीं किए जा सकते?

1. Articles 14 and 19

   अनुच्छेद 14 और 19

2. Articles 15 and 16

   अनुच्छेद 15 और 16

3. Articles 20 and 21

   अनुच्छेद 20 और 21

4. Articles 25 and 26

   अनुच्छेद 25 और 26

Correct Answer: (3) Articles 20 and 21

The 44th Constitutional Amendment ensured that the rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency.

21 Article 359 empowers the President to suspend the right to move courts for enforcement of:

अनुच्छेद 359 राष्ट्रपति को किन अधिकारों के प्रवर्तन के लिए न्यायालय जाने के अधिकार को निलंबित करने की शक्ति देता है?

1. All constitutional rights without exception

   बिना किसी अपवाद के सभी संवैधानिक अधिकारों के लिए

2. Only Directive Principles

   केवल नीति निदेशक तत्वों के लिए

3. Specified Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21

   निर्दिष्ट मौलिक अधिकारों के लिए, अनुच्छेद 20 और 21 को छोड़कर

4. Only Article 19

   केवल अनुच्छेद 19 के लिए

Correct Answer: (3) Specified Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21

Article 359 allows the President to declare that the right to move any court for enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights shall remain suspended during the emergency. Following the 44th Amendment, Articles 20 and 21 are expressly excluded from this power.

22 What is the principal difference between Article 358 and Article 359 during a National Emergency?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान अनुच्छेद 358 और अनुच्छेद 359 के बीच मुख्य अंतर क्या है?

1. Article 358 concerns President's Rule while Article 359 concerns Financial Emergency

   अनुच्छेद 358 राष्ट्रपति शासन और अनुच्छेद 359 वित्तीय आपातकाल से संबंधित है

2. Article 358 concerns Article 19, while Article 359 concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights

   अनुच्छेद 358 अनुच्छेद 19 से संबंधित है, जबकि अनुच्छेद 359 निर्दिष्ट मौलिक अधिकारों के प्रवर्तन के लिए न्यायालय जाने के अधिकार के निलंबन से संबंधित है

3. Both automatically suspend all Fundamental Rights

   दोनों स्वतः सभी मौलिक अधिकारों को निलंबित करते हैं

4. Both apply only during President's Rule

   दोनों केवल राष्ट्रपति शासन के दौरान लागू होते हैं

Correct Answer: (2) Article 358 concerns Article 19, while Article 359 concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights

Article 358 deals specifically with the operation of Article 19 during emergencies based on war or external aggression. Article 359 concerns the suspension of the right to seek judicial enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights.

23 Which Constitutional Amendment is most closely associated with safeguards against misuse of Emergency provisions?

आपातकालीन प्रावधानों के दुरुपयोग के विरुद्ध सुरक्षा उपायों से कौन-सा संविधान संशोधन सबसे अधिक संबंधित है?

1. 42nd Amendment

   42वाँ संशोधन

2. 52nd Amendment

   52वाँ संशोधन

3. 44th Amendment

   44वाँ संशोधन

4. 73rd Amendment

   73वाँ संशोधन

Correct Answer: (3) 44th Amendment

The 44th Amendment introduced several safeguards, including written Cabinet advice, parliamentary approval within one month, special majority for approval and continuation, protection of Articles 20 and 21, and a special mechanism for Lok Sabha disapproval.

24 Which of the following is a consequence of a National Emergency on the federal distribution of executive power?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल का संघीय कार्यपालिका शक्ति के वितरण पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है?

1. States become completely independent of the Union

   राज्य संघ से पूर्णतः स्वतंत्र हो जाते हैं

2. Parliament is dissolved automatically

   संसद स्वतः भंग हो जाती है

3. The Union can give directions to States regarding the exercise of their executive power

   संघ राज्यों को उनकी कार्यपालिका शक्ति के प्रयोग के संबंध में निर्देश दे सकता है

4. State governments cease to exist automatically

   राज्य सरकारें स्वतः समाप्त हो जाती हैं

Correct Answer: (3) The Union can give directions to States regarding the exercise of their executive power

During a National Emergency, the executive power of the Union extends to giving directions to any State about the manner in which its executive power is to be exercised. This strengthens the Union's position within the federal structure.

25 During a National Emergency, Parliament may make laws on matters in the:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान संसद किन विषयों पर कानून बना सकती है?

1. State List only

   केवल राज्य सूची पर

2. Union List only

   केवल संघ सूची पर

3. State List

   राज्य सूची पर

4. Residuary subjects only

   केवल अवशिष्ट विषयों पर

Correct Answer: (3) State List

Under Article 250, while a National Emergency is in operation, Parliament has the power to make laws for the whole or any part of India with respect to any matter in the State List.

26 A law made by Parliament on a State List subject during a National Emergency ceases to have effect:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान राज्य सूची के विषय पर संसद द्वारा बनाया गया कानून कब प्रभावी होना बंद करता है?

1. Immediately when the emergency ends

   आपातकाल समाप्त होते ही तुरंत

2. One month after the emergency ends

   आपातकाल समाप्त होने के एक माह बाद

3. Six months after the emergency ceases to operate

   आपातकाल समाप्त होने के छह माह बाद

4. One year after the emergency ends

   आपातकाल समाप्त होने के एक वर्ष बाद

Correct Answer: (3) Six months after the emergency ceases to operate

Article 250 provides that a law made by Parliament under the emergency power continues to have effect even after the emergency ends, but it ceases to have effect on the expiration of six months after the emergency has ceased to operate, except as respects things done or omitted before that expiry.

27 During a National Emergency, the term of the Lok Sabha can be extended by Parliament:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान लोकसभा का कार्यकाल संसद द्वारा किस प्रकार बढ़ाया जा सकता है?

1. Indefinitely for any number of years

   अनिश्चित काल के लिए किसी भी संख्या में वर्षों तक

2. By two years at a time

   एक बार में दो वर्ष तक

3. By one year at a time

   एक बार में एक वर्ष तक

4. Only for six months in total

   कुल छह माह के लिए

Correct Answer: (3) By one year at a time

Under Article 83, while a National Emergency is in operation, Parliament may extend the normal five-year term of the Lok Sabha by law for one year at a time. However, such extension cannot continue beyond six months after the emergency ceases.

28 The normal term of a State Legislative Assembly may be extended during a National Emergency by Parliament for:

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान राज्य विधानसभा के सामान्य कार्यकाल को संसद कितनी अवधि के लिए बढ़ा सकती है?

1. Six months at a time

   एक बार में छह माह

2. One year at a time

   एक बार में एक वर्ष

3. Two years at a time

   एक बार में दो वर्ष

4. Indefinitely

   अनिश्चित काल के लिए

Correct Answer: (2) One year at a time

During a National Emergency, Parliament may extend the term of a State Legislative Assembly by law for one year at a time. Such extension cannot continue beyond six months after the emergency ceases to operate.

29 Which Emergency provision has never been invoked in India?

भारत में अब तक किस आपातकालीन प्रावधान को कभी लागू नहीं किया गया है?

1. National Emergency

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल

2. President's Rule

   राष्ट्रपति शासन

3. Financial Emergency

   वित्तीय आपातकाल

4. Emergency due to external aggression

   बाहरी आक्रमण के कारण आपातकाल

Correct Answer: (3) Financial Emergency

Although the Constitution provides for Financial Emergency under Article 360, it has never been proclaimed in India.

30 Which Article provides for President's Rule in a State due to failure of constitutional machinery?

संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता के कारण किसी राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन का प्रावधान किस अनुच्छेद में है?

1. Article 352

   अनुच्छेद 352

2. Article 355

   अनुच्छेद 355

3. Article 356

   अनुच्छेद 356

4. Article 360

   अनुच्छेद 360

Correct Answer: (3) Article 356

Article 356 provides for the President's Rule when the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise, is satisfied that the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.

31 Under Article 356, President's Rule may be imposed in a State:

अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत किसी राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन कब लगाया जा सकता है?

1. Only when the Governor sends a report

   केवल राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट भेजे जाने पर

2. Only after approval by the State Legislature

   केवल राज्य विधानमंडल के अनुमोदन के बाद

3. On the Governor's report or otherwise, if the President is satisfied about constitutional failure

   राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट या अन्यथा, यदि राष्ट्रपति संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता से संतुष्ट हो

4. Only after Supreme Court approval

   केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की अनुमति के बाद

Correct Answer: (3) On the Governor's report or otherwise, if the President is satisfied about constitutional failure

Article 356 expressly states that the President may act on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise. Therefore, a Governor's report is not an indispensable constitutional prerequisite.

32 A proclamation under Article 356 must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within:

अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत उद्घोषणा को संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा कितने समय के भीतर अनुमोदित करना आवश्यक है?

1. One month

   एक माह

2. Two months

   दो माह

3. Three months

   तीन माह

4. Six months

   छह माह

Correct Answer: (2) Two months

A proclamation of President's Rule under Article 356 must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of issue. Otherwise, it ceases to operate.

33 Once approved by Parliament, President's Rule under Article 356 normally continues for:

संसद द्वारा अनुमोदित होने के बाद अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत राष्ट्रपति शासन सामान्यतः कितने समय तक जारी रह सकता है?

1. Three months at a time

   एक बार में तीन माह

2. Six months at a time, subject to constitutional conditions

   एक बार में छह माह, संवैधानिक शर्तों के अधीन

3. One year automatically

   स्वतः एक वर्ष

4. Indefinitely without parliamentary renewal

   बिना संसदीय नवीनीकरण के अनिश्चितकाल तक

Correct Answer: (2) Six months at a time, subject to constitutional conditions

After parliamentary approval, President's Rule continues for six months at a time. It may be extended, subject to parliamentary approval and the constitutional conditions prescribed for continuation beyond one year.

34 What is the maximum normal constitutional period for the continuous operation of President's Rule in a State?

किसी राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन की लगातार अवधि की सामान्य अधिकतम संवैधानिक सीमा क्या है?

1. One year

   एक वर्ष

2. Two years

   दो वर्ष

3. Three years

   तीन वर्ष

4. Five years

   पाँच वर्ष

Correct Answer: (3) Three years

Under Article 356, President's Rule can ordinarily continue for a maximum period of three years, subject to parliamentary approval every six months and additional constitutional conditions for extension beyond one year.

35 Which of the following is a constitutional condition for extending President's Rule beyond one year?

राष्ट्रपति शासन को एक वर्ष से आगे बढ़ाने के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी संवैधानिक शर्त आवश्यक है?

1. The Supreme Court must certify the extension

   सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को विस्तार प्रमाणित करना चाहिए

2. The State Legislature must approve the extension

   राज्य विधानमंडल को विस्तार का अनुमोदन करना चाहिए

3. A National Emergency must be in operation in the whole of India or the whole or any part of the State, and the Election Commission must certify difficulty in holding elections

   पूरे भारत या राज्य के पूरे या किसी भाग में राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल लागू हो तथा निर्वाचन आयोग चुनाव कराने में कठिनाई का प्रमाण दे

4. The Governor must become the Chief Minister

   राज्यपाल को मुख्यमंत्री बनना चाहिए

Correct Answer: (3) A National Emergency must be in operation in the whole of India or the whole or any part of the State, and the Election Commission must certify difficulty in holding elections

Article 356 permits extension beyond one year only when a National Emergency is in operation in the specified area and the Election Commission certifies that continuation of President's Rule is necessary because elections cannot be held.

36 During President's Rule, which of the following powers may be exercised by Parliament?

राष्ट्रपति शासन के दौरान संसद निम्नलिखित में से किस शक्ति का प्रयोग कर सकती है?

1. Appoint the Governor permanently

   राज्यपाल की स्थायी नियुक्ति करना

2. Amend the Constitution by ordinary law

   साधारण कानून द्वारा संविधान संशोधित करना

3. Exercise the powers of the State Legislature and make laws for the State

   राज्य विधानमंडल की शक्तियों का प्रयोग करना और राज्य के लिए कानून बनाना

4. Dissolve the Supreme Court

   सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को भंग करना

Correct Answer: (3) Exercise the powers of the State Legislature and make laws for the State

During President's Rule, Parliament may assume the power to make laws for the State. The President may also authorize expenditure from the State Consolidated Fund when the Lok Sabha is not in session.

37 During President's Rule, the President can take over the powers of:

राष्ट्रपति शासन के दौरान राष्ट्रपति किनकी शक्तियों को अपने अधीन ले सकता है?

1. Only the State Legislature

   केवल राज्य विधानमंडल की

2. The State Government and functions of the Governor, as specified under Article 356

   राज्य सरकार और राज्यपाल के कार्यों की, जैसा कि अनुच्छेद 356 में निर्दिष्ट है

3. High Court's judicial powers

   उच्च न्यायालय की न्यायिक शक्तियों की

4. Union Parliament's powers

   संसद की शक्तियों की

Correct Answer: (2) The State Government and functions of the Governor, as specified under Article 356

Article 356 allows the President to assume to himself the functions of the Government of the State and powers vested in or exercisable by the Governor or any body or authority in the State, subject to the constitutional limitations.

38 During President's Rule, which institution's powers cannot be assumed by the President?

राष्ट्रपति शासन के दौरान किस संस्था की शक्तियां राष्ट्रपति अपने अधीन नहीं ले सकता?

1. State Council of Ministers

   राज्य मंत्रिपरिषद

2. State executive authorities

   राज्य कार्यपालिका प्राधिकरण

3. High Court

   उच्च न्यायालय

4. Functions of the Governor

   राज्यपाल के कार्य

Correct Answer: (3) High Court

Article 356 specifically prohibits the President from assuming to himself the powers vested in or exercisable by a High Court or suspending constitutional provisions relating to High Courts.

39 Which case is considered a landmark judgment establishing important judicial limitations on the misuse of Article 356?

अनुच्छेद 356 के दुरुपयोग पर महत्वपूर्ण न्यायिक सीमाएं स्थापित करने वाला ऐतिहासिक निर्णय कौन-सा है?

1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

   केशवानंद भारती बनाम केरल राज्य

2. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India

   इंद्रा साहनी बनाम भारत संघ

3. S.R. Bommai v. Union of India

   एस. आर. बोम्मई बनाम भारत संघ

4. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India

   मेनका गांधी बनाम भारत संघ

Correct Answer: (3) S.R. Bommai v. Union of India

The Supreme Court's judgment in S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) established significant safeguards against arbitrary use of Article 356 and confirmed that the President's proclamation is subject to judicial review.

40 According to the S.R. Bommai judgment, the question of whether a State government has lost majority should ordinarily be determined by:

एस. आर. बोम्मई निर्णय के अनुसार, राज्य सरकार ने बहुमत खो दिया है या नहीं, इसका निर्धारण सामान्यतः किस माध्यम से किया जाना चाहिए?

1. Governor's personal assessment

   राज्यपाल के व्यक्तिगत आकलन से

2. President's subjective opinion

   राष्ट्रपति की व्यक्तिपरक राय से

3. A floor test in the Legislative Assembly

   विधानसभा में फ्लोर टेस्ट द्वारा

4. Supreme Court's direct vote

   सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के प्रत्यक्ष मतदान से

Correct Answer: (3) A floor test in the Legislative Assembly

The S.R. Bommai principle emphasizes that the question of whether the Council of Ministers enjoys majority support should ordinarily be tested on the floor of the House rather than determined merely through the Governor's subjective assessment.

41 Which Article imposes a duty on the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure constitutional government in every State?

कौन-सा अनुच्छेद संघ पर राज्यों को बाहरी आक्रमण और आंतरिक अशांति से बचाने तथा प्रत्येक राज्य में संवैधानिक शासन सुनिश्चित करने का दायित्व डालता है?

1. Article 352

   अनुच्छेद 352

2. Article 355

   अनुच्छेद 355

3. Article 356

   अनुच्छेद 356

4. Article 360

   अनुच्छेद 360

Correct Answer: (2) Article 355

Article 355 imposes a duty on the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the government of every State is carried on in accordance with the Constitution.

42 President's Rule under Article 356 is constitutionally connected most directly with which provision?

अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत राष्ट्रपति शासन का सबसे प्रत्यक्ष संवैधानिक संबंध किस प्रावधान से है?

1. Article 19

   अनुच्छेद 19

2. Article 32

   अनुच्छेद 32

3. Article 355

   अनुच्छेद 355

4. Article 360

   अनुच्छेद 360

Correct Answer: (3) Article 355

Article 355 places a duty on the Union to ensure constitutional government in every State, while Article 356 provides the mechanism for intervention when the constitutional machinery of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.

43 Which Article deals with Financial Emergency?

वित्तीय आपातकाल किस अनुच्छेद में वर्णित है?

1. Article 352

   अनुच्छेद 352

2. Article 356

   अनुच्छेद 356

3. Article 359

   अनुच्छेद 359

4. Article 360

   अनुच्छेद 360

Correct Answer: (4) Article 360

Article 360 empowers the President to proclaim a Financial Emergency if satisfied that the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened.

44 What is the ground for proclaiming a Financial Emergency under Article 360?

अनुच्छेद 360 के तहत वित्तीय आपातकाल घोषित करने का आधार क्या है?

1. Failure of constitutional machinery in a State

   किसी राज्य में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता

2. War or external aggression

   युद्ध या बाहरी आक्रमण

3. Threat to the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof

   भारत या उसके किसी भाग की वित्तीय स्थिरता या साख को खतरा

4. Failure of Parliament to pass the Budget

   संसद द्वारा बजट पारित न किया जाना

Correct Answer: (3) Threat to the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof

Article 360 authorizes the President to proclaim a Financial Emergency when satisfied that the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.

45 A Financial Emergency proclaimed under Article 360 must be approved by Parliament within:

अनुच्छेद 360 के तहत घोषित वित्तीय आपातकाल को संसद द्वारा कितने समय के भीतर अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए?

1. One month

   एक माह

2. Two months

   दो माह

3. Three months

   तीन माह

4. Six months

   छह माह

Correct Answer: (2) Two months

A Financial Emergency proclamation must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved, the constitutional procedure provides additional time after its reconstitution.

46 Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of a Financial Emergency?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा वित्तीय आपातकाल का संभावित परिणाम नहीं है?

1. Reduction of salaries and allowances of persons serving the Union or a State

   संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों के वेतन और भत्तों में कमी

2. Directions to States to observe financial propriety

   राज्यों को वित्तीय औचित्य के निर्देश

3. Reservation of certain Money Bills or other financial Bills for the President's consideration

   कुछ धन विधेयकों या अन्य वित्तीय विधेयकों को राष्ट्रपति के विचार के लिए सुरक्षित रखना

4. Automatic dissolution of all State Legislative Assemblies

   सभी राज्य विधानसभाओं का स्वतः विघटन

Correct Answer: (4) Automatic dissolution of all State Legislative Assemblies

Article 360 permits the Union to issue financial directions to States and provides for reduction of salaries and allowances and reservation of certain financial Bills. It does not automatically dissolve State Legislative Assemblies.

47 During a Financial Emergency, the President may direct reduction of salaries and allowances of:

वित्तीय आपातकाल के दौरान राष्ट्रपति किनके वेतन और भत्तों में कमी का निर्देश दे सकता है?

1. Only State government employees

   केवल राज्य सरकार के कर्मचारियों के

2. Only members of Parliament

   केवल संसद सदस्यों के

3. Persons serving the Union or a State, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts

   संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों के, जिनमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीश भी शामिल हैं

4. Only private-sector employees

   केवल निजी क्षेत्र के कर्मचारियों के

Correct Answer: (3) Persons serving the Union or a State, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts

Article 360 provides that directions issued during a Financial Emergency may include reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving the Union or a State, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.

48 Which sequence correctly matches the three types of Emergency with their constitutional Articles?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा क्रम तीन प्रकार के आपातकाल और उनके संवैधानिक अनुच्छेदों का सही मिलान करता है?

1. National Emergency—356; President's Rule—352; Financial Emergency—360

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल—356; राष्ट्रपति शासन—352; वित्तीय आपातकाल—360

2. National Emergency—352; President's Rule—360; Financial Emergency—356

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल—352; राष्ट्रपति शासन—360; वित्तीय आपातकाल—356

3. National Emergency—352; President's Rule—356; Financial Emergency—360

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल—352; राष्ट्रपति शासन—356; वित्तीय आपातकाल—360

4. National Emergency—360; President's Rule—352; Financial Emergency—356

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल—360; राष्ट्रपति शासन—352; वित्तीय आपातकाल—356

Correct Answer: (3) National Emergency—352; President's Rule—356; Financial Emergency—360

Article 352 deals with National Emergency, Article 356 with failure of constitutional machinery in States and President's Rule, and Article 360 with Financial Emergency.

49 Consider the following statements regarding National Emergency: I. It can be proclaimed for the whole of India or only a part of India. II. It must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within one month. III. Its continuation requires parliamentary approval every six months. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: I. इसे पूरे भारत या भारत के किसी भाग के लिए घोषित किया जा सकता है। II. इसे एक माह के भीतर संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा अनुमोदित किया जाना आवश्यक है। III. इसकी निरंतरता के लिए प्रत्येक छह माह में संसदीय अनुमोदन आवश्यक है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

1. Only I and II

   केवल I और II

2. Only II and III

   केवल II और III

3. Only I and III

   केवल I और III

4. I, II and III

   I, II और III

Correct Answer: (4) I, II and III

All three statements are correct. Article 352 permits territorial limitation of a National Emergency, requires approval within one month, and requires parliamentary renewal every six months for its continuation.

50 Consider the following statements regarding Emergency Provisions: I. Article 352 deals with National Emergency. II. Article 356 deals with failure of constitutional machinery in a State. III. Article 360 deals with Financial Emergency. IV. Financial Emergency has been proclaimed several times in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

आपात उपबंधों के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: I. अनुच्छेद 352 राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल से संबंधित है। II. अनुच्छेद 356 राज्य में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता से संबंधित है। III. अनुच्छेद 360 वित्तीय आपातकाल से संबंधित है। IV. भारत में वित्तीय आपातकाल कई बार घोषित किया जा चुका है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

1. Only I and II

   केवल I और II

2. Only II and IV

   केवल II और IV

3. Only I, II and IV

   केवल I, II और IV

4. Only I, II and III

   केवल I, II और III

Correct Answer: (4) Only I, II and III

Articles 352, 356 and 360 deal respectively with National Emergency, failure of constitutional machinery in a State, and Financial Emergency. Financial Emergency under Article 360 has never been proclaimed in India.

1 Which of the following statements regarding Article 352 is correct?

1. It deals with Financial Emergency.

   यह वित्तीय आपातकाल से संबंधित है।

2. It deals with President's Rule in a State.

   यह किसी राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन से संबंधित है।

3. It provides for the proclamation of a National Emergency when the security of India or any part of it is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion.

   यह युद्ध, बाहरी आक्रमण या सशस्त्र विद्रोह से भारत या उसके किसी भाग की सुरक्षा को खतरा होने पर राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रावधान करता है।

4. It deals with suspension of constitutional remedies only.

   यह केवल संवैधानिक उपचारों के निलंबन से संबंधित है।

Correct Answer: (3) It provides for the proclamation of a National Emergency when the security of India or any part of it is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Financial Emergency is provided under Article 360.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - President's Rule is provided under Article 356.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 352 deals with National Emergency on grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Suspension of enforcement of Fundamental Rights is dealt with under Article 359.

2 Which of the following grounds can lead to the proclamation of a National Emergency under Article 352?

1. Internal disturbance

   आंतरिक अशांति

2. Armed rebellion

   सशस्त्र विद्रोह

3. Financial instability alone

   केवल वित्तीय अस्थिरता

4. Failure of constitutional machinery in a State

   किसी राज्य में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता

Correct Answer: (2) Armed rebellion

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The expression "internal disturbance" was replaced by "armed rebellion" by the 44th Constitutional Amendment.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Armed rebellion is one of the three grounds for National Emergency under Article 352.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Financial Emergency is dealt with under Article 360.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Failure of constitutional machinery in a State is dealt with under Article 356.

3 Consider the following statements about the proclamation of National Emergency. Which one is correct?

1. The President can proclaim Emergency without any written advice from the Union Cabinet.

   राष्ट्रपति केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल की लिखित सलाह के बिना आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा कर सकते हैं।

2. The Prime Minister alone can advise the President to proclaim Emergency.

   केवल प्रधानमंत्री ही राष्ट्रपति को आपातकाल घोषित करने की सलाह दे सकते हैं।

3. The President must obtain the approval of the Supreme Court before issuing the proclamation.

   राष्ट्रपति को उद्घोषणा जारी करने से पहले सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की स्वीकृति लेनी होती है।

4. The President can proclaim National Emergency only after receiving a written decision of the Union Cabinet to that effect.

   राष्ट्रपति राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा केवल तभी कर सकते हैं जब उन्हें इस संबंध में केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल का लिखित निर्णय प्राप्त हो।

Correct Answer: (4) The President can proclaim National Emergency only after receiving a written decision of the Union Cabinet to that effect.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The 44th Amendment specifically requires the Union Cabinet's written decision.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The advice must emanate from the Union Cabinet, not the Prime Minister alone.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Prior approval of the Supreme Court is not required.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 352 requires a written decision of the Union Cabinet before proclamation.

4 Which Constitutional Amendment replaced the expression "internal disturbance" with "armed rebellion" in Article 352?

1. 38th Constitutional Amendment

   38वां संविधान संशोधन

2. 42nd Constitutional Amendment

   42वां संविधान संशोधन

3. 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978

   44वां संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम, 1978

4. 52nd Constitutional Amendment

   52वां संविधान संशोधन

Correct Answer: (3) 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The 38th Amendment strengthened certain emergency-related provisions but did not make this change.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The 42nd Amendment made several changes to the Constitution but did not replace this expression.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - The 44th Amendment replaced "internal disturbance" with "armed rebellion" to make National Emergency more difficult to invoke.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The 52nd Amendment dealt primarily with anti-defection provisions.

5 Consider the following statements regarding the territorial scope of a National Emergency under Article 352. Which one is correct?

1. A National Emergency can never be limited to a part of India.

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल को कभी भी भारत के किसी भाग तक सीमित नहीं किया जा सकता।

2. It can be proclaimed only when the entire territory of India is threatened.

   इसे केवल तभी घोषित किया जा सकता है जब पूरे भारत के क्षेत्र को खतरा हो।

3. A National Emergency may be proclaimed in respect of the whole of India or only such part of the territory as may be specified in the proclamation.

   राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल पूरे भारत या केवल उस क्षेत्र के संबंध में घोषित किया जा सकता है जिसे उद्घोषणा में निर्दिष्ट किया गया हो।

4. It can apply only to Union Territories.

   यह केवल संघ राज्य क्षेत्रों पर लागू हो सकता है।

Correct Answer: (3) A National Emergency may be proclaimed in respect of the whole of India or only such part of the territory as may be specified in the proclamation.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The Constitution expressly permits a proclamation limited to a part of India.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The emergency may relate to only a part of India.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 352 permits territorial limitation of the National Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - It can apply to any specified part of India's territory.

6 Which of the following statements about the approval of a National Emergency by Parliament is correct?

1. It must be approved within one month by both Houses of Parliament.

   इसे एक महीने के भीतर संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए।

2. It must be approved within two months by the Lok Sabha only.

   इसे दो महीने के भीतर केवल लोक सभा द्वारा अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए।

3. It automatically continues for one year without parliamentary approval.

   यह संसदीय अनुमोदन के बिना स्वतः एक वर्ष तक जारी रहता है।

4. It must be approved by both Houses within one month from the date of its issue.

   इसे जारी होने की तारीख से एक महीने के भीतर संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए।

Correct Answer: (4) It must be approved by both Houses within one month from the date of its issue.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The one-month period is correct, but approval must be by both Houses; this statement is substantially correct. However, the question's intended precise formulation is Statement 4.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Approval is required from both Houses, not only Lok Sabha.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Parliamentary approval is constitutionally required within one month.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 352 requires approval by both Houses within one month.

7 If the Lok Sabha is dissolved when a proclamation of National Emergency is issued, which of the following is correct?

1. The proclamation immediately lapses.

   उद्घोषणा तुरंत समाप्त हो जाती है।

2. The Rajya Sabha alone can approve it permanently.

   केवल राज्य सभा इसे स्थायी रूप से अनुमोदित कर सकती है।

3. The Rajya Sabha may approve it, and the newly constituted Lok Sabha must approve it within 30 days of its first sitting.

   राज्य सभा इसे अनुमोदित कर सकती है और नवगठित लोक सभा को अपनी पहली बैठक से 30 दिनों के भीतर इसका अनुमोदन करना होगा।

4. The President can continue it indefinitely without Parliament.

   राष्ट्रपति इसे संसद के बिना अनिश्चितकाल तक जारी रख सकते हैं।

Correct Answer: (3) The Rajya Sabha may approve it, and the newly constituted Lok Sabha must approve it within 30 days of its first sitting.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Dissolution of Lok Sabha does not automatically terminate the proclamation.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Rajya Sabha approval alone is not sufficient for continuation after the new Lok Sabha is constituted.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 352 contains a special rule where Lok Sabha is dissolved.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Parliamentary approval remains mandatory.

8 Once approved by Parliament, for how long does a National Emergency continue unless revoked earlier?

1. Three months

   तीन महीने

2. Six months

   छह महीने

3. One year

   एक वर्ष

4. Five years

   पांच वर्ष

Correct Answer: (2) Six months

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The Constitution provides a six-month period, not three months.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Once approved, the proclamation continues for six months and may be extended repeatedly by parliamentary approval.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - One year is not the constitutional duration of each parliamentary approval.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - There is no five-year automatic duration.

9 Consider the following statements regarding the duration of a National Emergency. Which one is correct?

1. After the first six months, it can continue automatically without parliamentary approval.

   पहले छह महीने के बाद यह संसदीय अनुमोदन के बिना स्वतः जारी रह सकता है।

2. Parliament can approve it only once.

   संसद इसे केवल एक बार अनुमोदित कर सकती है।

3. It can never continue beyond six months under any circumstances.

   किसी भी परिस्थिति में यह छह महीने से अधिक जारी नहीं रह सकता।

4. It can continue beyond six months through repeated parliamentary approval every six months.

   यह प्रत्येक छह महीने में बार-बार संसदीय अनुमोदन के माध्यम से छह महीने से अधिक जारी रह सकता है।

Correct Answer: (4) It can continue beyond six months through repeated parliamentary approval every six months.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Fresh parliamentary approval is required every six months.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Parliament can approve continuation repeatedly.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - There is no maximum six-month constitutional limit.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 352 permits repeated six-month extensions with parliamentary approval.

10 Which of the following can terminate a National Emergency?

1. Only the Supreme Court can terminate it.

   केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय इसे समाप्त कर सकता है।

2. Only the Prime Minister can terminate it.

   केवल प्रधानमंत्री इसे समाप्त कर सकते हैं।

3. The President may revoke it by a subsequent proclamation, and the Lok Sabha can also compel revocation through a resolution of disapproval.

   राष्ट्रपति बाद की उद्घोषणा द्वारा इसे वापस ले सकते हैं और लोक सभा भी अस्वीकृति के प्रस्ताव द्वारा इसे समाप्त कराने में सक्षम है।

4. It can be terminated only by a constitutional amendment.

   इसे केवल संविधान संशोधन द्वारा समाप्त किया जा सकता है।

Correct Answer: (3) The President may revoke it by a subsequent proclamation, and the Lok Sabha can also compel revocation through a resolution of disapproval.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The President has the constitutional power to revoke it.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The Prime Minister alone cannot constitutionally revoke the proclamation.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 352 permits Presidential revocation and provides a special Lok Sabha disapproval mechanism.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - A constitutional amendment is not required for revocation.

11 What special mechanism was introduced by the 44th Constitutional Amendment regarding disapproval of a National Emergency?

1. The Rajya Sabha alone can revoke it.

   केवल राज्य सभा इसे समाप्त कर सकती है।

2. The Supreme Court can automatically revoke it after six months.

   छह महीने बाद सर्वोच्च न्यायालय इसे स्वतः समाप्त कर सकता है।

3. The President must seek approval from every State Legislature.

   राष्ट्रपति को प्रत्येक राज्य विधानमंडल से अनुमोदन लेना होता है।

4. If the Lok Sabha passes a resolution disapproving continuation, the President must revoke the proclamation.

   यदि लोक सभा इसके जारी रहने को अस्वीकार करने वाला प्रस्ताव पारित करती है, तो राष्ट्रपति को उद्घोषणा वापस लेनी होती है।

Correct Answer: (4) If the Lok Sabha passes a resolution disapproving continuation, the President must revoke the proclamation.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The special disapproval power is given to Lok Sabha, not Rajya Sabha alone.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The Supreme Court does not automatically revoke an Emergency after six months.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - State Legislature approval is not required.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - The 44th Amendment strengthened Lok Sabha's role in terminating an Emergency.

12 Consider the following statements regarding a National Emergency declared on the ground of "armed rebellion." Which one is correct?

1. It can be declared only if the entire country is affected.

   इसे केवल तभी घोषित किया जा सकता है जब पूरा देश प्रभावित हो।

2. It automatically suspends all Fundamental Rights.

   यह स्वतः सभी मौलिक अधिकारों को निलंबित कर देता है।

3. It automatically dissolves all State Legislative Assemblies.

   यह स्वतः सभी राज्य विधानसभाओं को भंग कर देता है।

4. It may be proclaimed in relation to the whole of India or a part of it, where the constitutional conditions are satisfied.

   संवैधानिक शर्तें पूरी होने पर इसे पूरे भारत या उसके किसी भाग के संबंध में घोषित किया जा सकता है।

Correct Answer: (4) It may be proclaimed in relation to the whole of India or a part of it, where the constitutional conditions are satisfied.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 352 permits an emergency limited to a part of India.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Fundamental Rights are not automatically suspended merely because an Emergency is declared.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - State Assemblies are not automatically dissolved by Article 352.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - The territorial scope can be whole or part of India.

13 Which of the following Fundamental Rights is automatically suspended only when a National Emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression?

1. Article 14

   अनुच्छेद 14

2. Article 19

   अनुच्छेद 19

3. Article 21

   अनुच्छेद 21

4. Article 19

   अनुच्छेद 19

Correct Answer: (4) Article 19

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 14 is not automatically suspended under Article 358.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - This statement identifies Article 19 correctly but is duplicated by Statement 4; therefore it is not an appropriate single-answer option.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Article 21 is not automatically suspended by declaration of Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Under Article 358, Article 19 is automatically affected only when Emergency is proclaimed on the ground of war or external aggression.

14 Which of the following statements about Article 358 is correct?

1. It automatically suspends all Fundamental Rights during every National Emergency.

   यह प्रत्येक राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान सभी मौलिक अधिकारों को स्वतः निलंबित कर देता है।

2. It concerns the suspension of the freedoms guaranteed by Article 19 during an Emergency based on war or external aggression.

   यह युद्ध या बाहरी आक्रमण के आधार पर घोषित आपातकाल के दौरान अनुच्छेद 19 द्वारा प्रदत्त स्वतंत्रताओं के निलंबन से संबंधित है।

3. It allows suspension of Article 32 in every case without Presidential order.

   यह प्रत्येक मामले में राष्ट्रपति के आदेश के बिना अनुच्छेद 32 को निलंबित करने की अनुमति देता है।

4. It deals with Financial Emergency.

   यह वित्तीय आपातकाल से संबंधित है।

Correct Answer: (2) It concerns the suspension of the freedoms guaranteed by Article 19 during an Emergency based on war or external aggression.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 358 is specifically concerned with Article 19, not all Fundamental Rights.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - After the 44th Amendment, Article 358 operates only for Emergency based on war or external aggression.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Article 359 deals with suspension of enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Financial Emergency is under Article 360.

15 Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes Articles 358 and 359?

1. Both automatically suspend all Fundamental Rights.

   दोनों स्वतः सभी मौलिक अधिकारों को निलंबित करते हैं।

2. Article 358 concerns Article 32, while Article 359 concerns Article 19.

   अनुच्छेद 358 अनुच्छेद 32 और अनुच्छेद 359 अनुच्छेद 19 से संबंधित है।

3. Both provisions operate only during Financial Emergency.

   दोनों प्रावधान केवल वित्तीय आपातकाल के दौरान लागू होते हैं।

4. Article 358 concerns Article 19, whereas Article 359 permits suspension of the right to move courts for enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights, subject to constitutional limitations.

   अनुच्छेद 358 अनुच्छेद 19 से संबंधित है, जबकि अनुच्छेद 359 कुछ निर्दिष्ट मौलिक अधिकारों के प्रवर्तन के लिए न्यायालय जाने के अधिकार को निलंबित करने की अनुमति देता है, संवैधानिक सीमाओं के अधीन।

Correct Answer: (4) Article 358 concerns Article 19, whereas Article 359 permits suspension of the right to move courts for enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights, subject to constitutional limitations.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Neither provision automatically suspends all Fundamental Rights.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The provisions are reversed in this statement.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - These provisions concern National Emergency, not Financial Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - This accurately distinguishes Articles 358 and 359.

16 Under Article 359, which rights cannot have their enforcement suspended even during a National Emergency?

1. Articles 14 and 15

   अनुच्छेद 14 और 15

2. Articles 16 and 17

   अनुच्छेद 16 और 17

3. Articles 20 and 21

   अनुच्छेद 20 और 21

4. Articles 25 and 26

   अनुच्छेद 25 और 26

Correct Answer: (3) Articles 20 and 21

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 14 is not among the rights constitutionally protected from suspension under Article 359.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Articles 16 and 17 do not form the specific protected pair.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - The 44th Amendment made Articles 20 and 21 immune from suspension of enforcement under Article 359.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Articles 25 and 26 are not covered by this specific protection.

17 Which Constitutional Amendment is primarily responsible for protecting Articles 20 and 21 from suspension of their enforcement during Emergency?

1. 38th Amendment

   38वां संशोधन

2. 42nd Amendment

   42वां संशोधन

3. 52nd Amendment

   52वां संशोधन

4. 44th Amendment Act, 1978

   44वां संशोधन अधिनियम, 1978

Correct Answer: (4) 44th Amendment Act, 1978

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The 38th Amendment concerned emergency-related provisions but did not provide this protection.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The 42nd Amendment made several changes but did not establish this specific protection.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - The 52nd Amendment introduced the anti-defection law.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - The 44th Amendment ensured that enforcement of Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended under Article 359.

18 Which of the following statements regarding Article 359 is correct?

1. The President can suspend the Constitution as a whole.

   राष्ट्रपति पूरे संविधान को निलंबित कर सकते हैं।

2. Article 359 automatically suspends all Fundamental Rights.

   अनुच्छेद 359 स्वतः सभी मौलिक अधिकारों को निलंबित कर देता है।

3. The President may, by order, suspend the right to move any court for enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21.

   राष्ट्रपति आदेश द्वारा अनुच्छेद 20 और 21 को छोड़कर निर्दिष्ट मौलिक अधिकारों के प्रवर्तन के लिए किसी न्यायालय में जाने के अधिकार को निलंबित कर सकते हैं।

4. The Prime Minister directly suspends Fundamental Rights without Presidential order.

   प्रधानमंत्री राष्ट्रपति के आदेश के बिना सीधे मौलिक अधिकारों को निलंबित कर सकते हैं।

Correct Answer: (3) The President may, by order, suspend the right to move any court for enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 359 does not authorize suspension of the Constitution as a whole.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - It concerns specified rights and requires a Presidential order.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - This accurately describes Article 359 after the 44th Amendment.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The President issues the order under Article 359.

19 During a National Emergency, which Fundamental Right is automatically affected under Article 358?

1. Right against exploitation under Articles 23 and 24

   अनुच्छेद 23 और 24 के अंतर्गत शोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार

2. Right to freedom of religion under Articles 25 to 28

   अनुच्छेद 25 से 28 के अंतर्गत धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार

3. Right to constitutional remedies under Article 32

   अनुच्छेद 32 के अंतर्गत संवैधानिक उपचार का अधिकार

4. Freedoms guaranteed by Article 19, subject to the constitutional conditions governing Article 358.

   अनुच्छेद 19 द्वारा प्रदत्त स्वतंत्रताएं, अनुच्छेद 358 पर लागू संवैधानिक शर्तों के अधीन।

Correct Answer: (4) Freedoms guaranteed by Article 19, subject to the constitutional conditions governing Article 358.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Articles 23 and 24 are not automatically suspended under Article 358.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Articles 25 to 28 are not the subject of Article 358.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Article 32 is addressed in relation to enforcement through Article 359.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 358 specifically concerns Article 19 during Emergency based on war or external aggression.

20 Which of the following is a major safeguard introduced by the 44th Constitutional Amendment against misuse of National Emergency?

1. Emergency can be proclaimed by the Prime Minister alone.

   प्रधानमंत्री अकेले आपातकाल की घोषणा कर सकते हैं।

2. Parliamentary approval is no longer required.

   संसदीय अनुमोदन अब आवश्यक नहीं है।

3. Emergency can be declared only by the Supreme Court.

   आपातकाल केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा घोषित किया जा सकता है।

4. A written decision of the Union Cabinet is required before the President issues the proclamation.

   राष्ट्रपति द्वारा उद्घोषणा जारी करने से पहले केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल के लिखित निर्णय की आवश्यकता होती है।

Correct Answer: (4) A written decision of the Union Cabinet is required before the President issues the proclamation.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The Prime Minister alone cannot constitutionally advise the President in this matter.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Parliamentary approval remains mandatory.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - The Supreme Court does not proclaim Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - The 44th Amendment inserted this important safeguard.

21 Which of the following statements regarding the effect of National Emergency on the executive power of the Union is correct?

1. The Union's executive power remains completely unaffected.

   संघ की कार्यपालिका शक्ति पूरी तरह अप्रभावित रहती है।

2. The executive power of the Union extends to giving directions to any State regarding the manner in which its executive power is to be exercised.

   संघ की कार्यपालिका शक्ति किसी राज्य को यह निर्देश देने तक विस्तृत हो जाती है कि उसकी कार्यपालिका शक्ति किस प्रकार प्रयोग की जाए।

3. The Union automatically takes over every State's administration.

   संघ स्वतः प्रत्येक राज्य का प्रशासन अपने हाथ में ले लेता है।

4. State governments are constitutionally abolished.

   राज्य सरकारें संवैधानिक रूप से समाप्त हो जाती हैं।

Correct Answer: (2) The executive power of the Union extends to giving directions to any State regarding the manner in which its executive power is to be exercised.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - National Emergency increases the Union's executive authority over States.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Article 353 extends Union executive power to giving directions to States.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - National Emergency does not automatically transfer State administration to the Union.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - State governments continue to exist unless separately affected by constitutional provisions.

22 What happens to the legislative power of Parliament during a National Emergency?

1. Parliament loses its power to legislate on State List subjects.

   संसद राज्य सूची के विषयों पर कानून बनाने की शक्ति खो देती है।

2. State Legislatures are permanently abolished.

   राज्य विधानमंडल स्थायी रूप से समाप्त हो जाते हैं।

3. Parliament acquires power to make laws on matters in the State List during the Emergency.

   आपातकाल के दौरान संसद को राज्य सूची के विषयों पर कानून बनाने की शक्ति प्राप्त हो जाती है।

4. Only State Legislatures can legislate on State List subjects during Emergency.

   आपातकाल के दौरान केवल राज्य विधानमंडल ही राज्य सूची के विषयों पर कानून बना सकते हैं।

Correct Answer: (3) Parliament acquires power to make laws on matters in the State List during the Emergency.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The opposite is true; Parliament gains this power under Article 250.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - State Legislatures are not automatically abolished.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 250 empowers Parliament to legislate on State List matters during National Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Parliament also gains concurrent legislative authority over State List subjects during the Emergency.

23 A law made by Parliament under Article 250 during National Emergency ceases to have effect after the Emergency ends. What is the general constitutional position?

1. It becomes permanently void on the date the Emergency ends.

   आपातकाल समाप्त होते ही यह स्थायी रूप से शून्य हो जाता है।

2. It remains permanently effective without any limitation.

   यह बिना किसी सीमा के स्थायी रूप से प्रभावी रहता है।

3. It generally ceases to have effect on the expiration of six months after the Emergency has ceased to operate, subject to the constitutional scheme.

   यह सामान्यतः आपातकाल समाप्त होने के छह महीने बाद प्रभावी रहना बंद कर देता है, संवैधानिक व्यवस्था के अधीन।

4. It automatically converts into a law of every State permanently.

   यह स्वतः प्रत्येक राज्य का स्थायी कानून बन जाता है।

Correct Answer: (3) It generally ceases to have effect on the expiration of six months after the Emergency has ceased to operate, subject to the constitutional scheme.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The law does not become void immediately upon termination of Emergency.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Such legislation is temporary in its operation beyond the Emergency.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 250 provides that such law ceases to have effect six months after the Emergency ceases, subject to the constitutional framework.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - It does not automatically become permanent State legislation.

24 Which of the following statements regarding the President's Rule under Article 356 is correct?

1. It can be imposed only during a National Emergency.

   इसे केवल राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान ही लगाया जा सकता है।

2. It can be proclaimed only when war occurs.

   इसे केवल युद्ध होने पर घोषित किया जा सकता है।

3. It is a form of Financial Emergency.

   यह वित्तीय आपातकाल का एक रूप है।

4. It may be proclaimed when the President, on receipt of a Governor's report or otherwise, is satisfied that the government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.

   जब राष्ट्रपति को राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट मिलने पर या अन्यथा यह समाधान हो जाए कि राज्य की सरकार संविधान के अनुसार नहीं चलाई जा सकती, तब इसे घोषित किया जा सकता है।

Correct Answer: (4) It may be proclaimed when the President, on receipt of a Governor's report or otherwise, is satisfied that the government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 356 can operate independently of Article 352.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - War is a ground under Article 352, not Article 356.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Financial Emergency is under Article 360.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 356 provides for President's Rule on failure of constitutional machinery in a State.

25 Which of the following is the constitutional basis for President's Rule in a State?

1. Article 352

   अनुच्छेद 352

2. Article 356

   अनुच्छेद 356

3. Article 358

   अनुच्छेद 358

4. Article 360

   अनुच्छेद 360

Correct Answer: (2) Article 356

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 352 deals with National Emergency.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Article 356 provides for failure of constitutional machinery in States and is commonly known as President's Rule.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Article 358 concerns Article 19 during specified National Emergencies.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Article 360 deals with Financial Emergency.

26 Which of the following statements about the proclamation under Article 356 is correct?

1. The President can issue it only after prior approval of the Supreme Court.

   राष्ट्रपति इसे केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की पूर्व स्वीकृति के बाद जारी कर सकते हैं।

2. The Governor alone can issue the proclamation.

   केवल राज्यपाल उद्घोषणा जारी कर सकते हैं।

3. The President may act on the Governor's report or otherwise if satisfied that the State government cannot be carried on constitutionally.

   यदि राष्ट्रपति इस बात से संतुष्ट हों कि राज्य सरकार संविधान के अनुसार नहीं चलाई जा सकती, तो वे राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट या अन्यथा प्राप्त सामग्री के आधार पर कार्रवाई कर सकते हैं।

4. Only the State Legislature can impose President's Rule.

   केवल राज्य विधानमंडल राष्ट्रपति शासन लगा सकता है।

Correct Answer: (3) The President may act on the Governor's report or otherwise if satisfied that the State government cannot be carried on constitutionally.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Prior Supreme Court approval is not required.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The Governor reports the situation but does not issue Article 356 proclamation.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 356 expressly permits action on a Governor's report or otherwise.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The proclamation is issued by the President.

27 Within what period must a proclamation under Article 356 be approved by Parliament?

1. Two months

   दो महीने

2. One month

   एक महीना

3. Six months

   छह महीने

4. One year

   एक वर्ष

Correct Answer: (1) Two months

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (✅) - Article 356 requires parliamentary approval within two months of the proclamation.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The one-month approval period applies to National Emergency under Article 352.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Six months is the period for continuation after parliamentary approval, not initial approval.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Initial approval cannot be deferred for one year.

28 Once approved by Parliament, for how long does President's Rule under Article 356 continue at a time?

1. One month

   एक महीना

2. Three months

   तीन महीने

3. Six months

   छह महीने

4. Two years

   दो वर्ष

Correct Answer: (3) Six months

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 356 does not provide a one-month continuation period.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The constitutional continuation period is six months.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Once approved, President's Rule continues for six months at a time and may be extended subject to constitutional limits.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Two years is not the duration of each approval.

29 What is the maximum normal constitutional period for which President's Rule can continue in a State?

1. Six months

   छह महीने

2. One year

   एक वर्ष

3. Three years, subject to the conditions specified in Article 356

   तीन वर्ष, अनुच्छेद 356 में निर्दिष्ट शर्तों के अधीन

4. Five years

   पांच वर्ष

Correct Answer: (3) Three years, subject to the conditions specified in Article 356

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Six months is the duration of each approval period.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - President's Rule can continue beyond one year if constitutional conditions are fulfilled.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - The maximum duration is three years, subject to special constitutional conditions after one year.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The Constitution does not permit five years of President's Rule in a State.

30 Which of the following conditions must generally be satisfied for continuation of President's Rule beyond one year?

1. Approval of every State Legislature is required.

   प्रत्येक राज्य विधानमंडल की स्वीकृति आवश्यक है।

2. The President must obtain Supreme Court permission.

   राष्ट्रपति को सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की अनुमति लेनी होती है।

3. A National Emergency must be in operation in the whole of India or the whole/any part of the State, and the Election Commission must certify difficulty in holding elections to the State Legislative Assembly.

   पूरे भारत या राज्य के पूरे/किसी भाग में राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल लागू होना चाहिए तथा निर्वाचन आयोग को राज्य विधानसभा के चुनाव कराने में कठिनाई प्रमाणित करनी चाहिए।

4. Only a Governor's recommendation is sufficient.

   केवल राज्यपाल की सिफारिश पर्याप्त है।

Correct Answer: (3) A National Emergency must be in operation in the whole of India or the whole/any part of the State, and the Election Commission must certify difficulty in holding elections to the State Legislative Assembly.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Other State Legislatures do not approve President's Rule.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Prior Supreme Court permission is not required.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 356 imposes these conditions for extension beyond one year.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - A Governor's report alone is not sufficient for extensions beyond one year.

31 Which of the following powers may the President exercise under Article 356?

1. Assume to himself all or any of the functions of the State Government and powers of the Governor.

   राज्य सरकार के सभी या कुछ कार्य तथा राज्यपाल की शक्तियां स्वयं ग्रहण करना।

2. Declare that the powers of the State Legislature shall be exercisable by Parliament.

   यह घोषित करना कि राज्य विधानमंडल की शक्तियां संसद द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी।

3. Make incidental and consequential provisions necessary to give effect to the proclamation.

   उद्घोषणा को प्रभावी बनाने के लिए आवश्यक आनुषंगिक और परिणामी प्रावधान करना।

4. All of the above

   उपरोक्त सभी

Correct Answer: (4) All of the above

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (✅) - Article 356 permits the President to assume State executive functions and powers of the Governor.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - The President may declare that State Legislative powers are exercisable by Parliament.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - The President may make necessary incidental and consequential provisions.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - "All of the above" is the correct combination because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

32 During President's Rule, which institution normally exercises the legislative powers of the State Legislature?

1. The Supreme Court

   सर्वोच्च न्यायालय

2. Parliament

   संसद

3. The Election Commission

   निर्वाचन आयोग

4. The Inter-State Council

   अंतर्राज्यीय परिषद

Correct Answer: (2) Parliament

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The Supreme Court does not exercise legislative functions of the State.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - During President's Rule, Parliament may exercise the legislative powers of the State Legislature.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - The Election Commission conducts elections and does not legislate for the State.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The Inter-State Council has a consultative role, not State legislative authority.

33 Which of the following functions of a State Legislature cannot be assumed by the President during President's Rule?

1. Passing ordinary State laws through Parliament

   संसद के माध्यम से सामान्य राज्य कानून पारित करना

2. Exercising legislative powers of the State

   राज्य की विधायी शक्तियों का प्रयोग करना

3. Making necessary incidental provisions

   आवश्यक आनुषंगिक प्रावधान करना

4. The power of a High Court, or the constitutional powers vested in the High Court, cannot be assumed by the President.

   उच्च न्यायालय की शक्तियां या संविधान द्वारा उच्च न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्तियां राष्ट्रपति द्वारा ग्रहण नहीं की जा सकतीं।

Correct Answer: (4) The power of a High Court, or the constitutional powers vested in the High Court, cannot be assumed by the President.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Parliament can legislate for the State during President's Rule.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Legislative powers of the State Legislature may be exercised by Parliament.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - The President may make incidental and consequential provisions.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 356 expressly prevents the President from assuming powers vested in or exercisable by a High Court.

34 Which landmark Supreme Court case is most closely associated with judicial review and limitations on the misuse of Article 356?

1. Kesavananda Bharati case

   केशवानंद भारती मामला

2. Maneka Gandhi case

   मेनका गांधी मामला

3. S. R. Bommai v. Union of India

   एस. आर. बोम्मई बनाम भारत संघ

4. Golaknath case

   गोलकनाथ मामला

Correct Answer: (3) S. R. Bommai v. Union of India

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Kesavananda Bharati is principally associated with the basic structure doctrine.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Maneka Gandhi is principally associated with Article 21 and due process-related interpretation.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - S. R. Bommai established important principles concerning Article 356, federalism and judicial review.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Golaknath concerned Parliament's power to amend Fundamental Rights.

35 Which of the following principles was emphasized by the Supreme Court in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India?

1. Article 356 is completely beyond judicial review.

   अनुच्छेद 356 पूरी तरह न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन से बाहर है।

2. The President's satisfaction under Article 356 can never be examined by courts.

   अनुच्छेद 356 के अंतर्गत राष्ट्रपति की संतुष्टि की कभी न्यायालय द्वारा जांच नहीं की जा सकती।

3. Federalism has no constitutional significance in India.

   भारत में संघवाद का कोई संवैधानिक महत्व नहीं है।

4. The exercise of power under Article 356 is subject to judicial review and constitutional limitations.

   अनुच्छेद 356 के अंतर्गत शक्ति का प्रयोग न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन और संवैधानिक सीमाओं के अधीन है।

Correct Answer: (4) The exercise of power under Article 356 is subject to judicial review and constitutional limitations.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Bommai rejected the idea that Article 356 is completely immune from judicial review.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The President's satisfaction is subject to judicial scrutiny on constitutional grounds.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Federalism is an important feature of the constitutional structure.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - This is a central principle of the Bommai judgment.

36 Which of the following statements about Article 360 is correct?

1. It provides for National Emergency due to war.

   यह युद्ध के कारण राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल का प्रावधान करता है।

2. It provides for President's Rule in States.

   यह राज्यों में राष्ट्रपति शासन का प्रावधान करता है।

3. It provides for Financial Emergency when the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened.

   यह तब वित्तीय आपातकाल का प्रावधान करता है जब भारत या उसके किसी भाग की वित्तीय स्थिरता या साख को खतरा हो।

4. It provides for suspension of Fundamental Duties.

   यह मौलिक कर्तव्यों के निलंबन का प्रावधान करता है।

Correct Answer: (3) It provides for Financial Emergency when the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - National Emergency is under Article 352.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - President's Rule is under Article 356.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Article 360 has nothing to do with Fundamental Duties.

37 Which of the following can be a ground for declaring Financial Emergency?

1. Armed rebellion in a State

   किसी राज्य में सशस्त्र विद्रोह

2. Failure of constitutional machinery in a State

   किसी राज्य में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता

3. External aggression alone

   केवल बाहरी आक्रमण

4. Threat to the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof

   भारत या उसके किसी भाग की वित्तीय स्थिरता या साख को खतरा

Correct Answer: (4) Threat to the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Armed rebellion is a ground for National Emergency under Article 352.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Failure of constitutional machinery is addressed by Article 356.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - External aggression is a ground under Article 352.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 360 permits Financial Emergency when financial stability or credit is threatened.

38 Which of the following statements regarding approval of Financial Emergency is correct?

1. It must be approved within one month.

   इसे एक महीने के भीतर अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए।

2. It must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months of its proclamation.

   इसे उद्घोषणा के दो महीने के भीतर संसद के दोनों सदनों द्वारा अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए।

3. It requires approval only from the Lok Sabha within six months.

   इसे केवल लोक सभा द्वारा छह महीने के भीतर अनुमोदित किया जाना चाहिए।

4. It requires approval from all State Legislatures.

   इसके लिए सभी राज्य विधानसभाओं की स्वीकृति आवश्यक है।

Correct Answer: (2) It must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months of its proclamation.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - One month is the approval period for National Emergency under Article 352.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Article 360 requires parliamentary approval within two months.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Approval requires both Houses and the period is two months.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - State Legislature approval is not required.

39 Which of the following statements about the duration of a Financial Emergency is correct?

1. It automatically expires after six months.

   यह छह महीने के बाद स्वतः समाप्त हो जाता है।

2. It can continue only for one year.

   यह केवल एक वर्ष तक जारी रह सकता है।

3. It requires renewal every six months.

   इसके लिए प्रत्येक छह महीने में नवीनीकरण आवश्यक है।

4. Once approved by Parliament, it continues until revoked by the President; the Constitution does not prescribe a periodic six-month renewal requirement.

   संसद द्वारा अनुमोदित होने के बाद यह राष्ट्रपति द्वारा वापस लिए जाने तक जारी रहता है; संविधान में प्रत्येक छह महीने में नवीनीकरण की आवश्यकता नहीं है।

Correct Answer: (4) Once approved by Parliament, it continues until revoked by the President; the Constitution does not prescribe a periodic six-month renewal requirement.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Financial Emergency does not automatically expire after six months.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - There is no one-year maximum duration.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - The six-month renewal rule applies to National Emergency and President's Rule, not Financial Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 360 contains no fixed maximum duration once properly approved.

40 Which of the following powers can the Union exercise during a Financial Emergency?

1. Direct States to observe specified canons of financial propriety.

   राज्यों को वित्तीय औचित्य के निर्दिष्ट सिद्धांतों का पालन करने का निर्देश देना।

2. Direct reduction of salaries and allowances of persons serving the Union or a State.

   संघ या राज्य की सेवा में कार्यरत व्यक्तियों के वेतन और भत्तों में कमी का निर्देश देना।

3. Require certain Money Bills or financial matters of States to be reserved for the consideration of the President.

   राज्यों के कुछ धन विधेयकों या वित्तीय मामलों को राष्ट्रपति के विचार के लिए सुरक्षित रखने की अपेक्षा करना।

4. All of the above

   उपरोक्त सभी

Correct Answer: (4) All of the above

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (✅) - Article 360 permits the Union to direct States to observe specified canons of financial propriety.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Directions may include reduction of salaries and allowances of persons serving the Union or a State.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Financial Bills and other financial matters may be required to be reserved for the President's consideration.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The correct option is "All of the above" because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

41 Which constitutional authority may issue directions for reduction of salaries and allowances during a Financial Emergency?

1. The Chief Justice of India

   भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश

2. The Finance Commission

   वित्त आयोग

3. The President

   राष्ट्रपति

4. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha

   लोक सभा अध्यक्ष

Correct Answer: (3) The President

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The Chief Justice of India has no such power under Article 360.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The Finance Commission does not issue Financial Emergency directions.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Under Article 360, the President may issue directions relating to financial propriety and salaries, subject to constitutional conditions.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The Speaker does not possess this power.

42 Which statement about Financial Emergency and salaries of judges is correct?

1. The salaries of judges can never be reduced under any circumstances.

   किसी भी परिस्थिति में न्यायाधीशों के वेतन में कमी नहीं की जा सकती।

2. The Chief Justice of India decides the reduction.

   भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश वेतन में कमी का निर्णय करते हैं।

3. The Parliament automatically reduces judicial salaries.

   संसद स्वतः न्यायिक वेतन में कमी करती है।

4. During a Financial Emergency, directions may extend to reduction of salaries and allowances of persons serving the Union, including those connected with the affairs of the Union, subject to Article 360.

   वित्तीय आपातकाल के दौरान अनुच्छेद 360 के अधीन संघ की सेवा में कार्यरत व्यक्तियों, जिनमें संघ के कार्यों से संबंधित व्यक्ति शामिल हैं, के वेतन और भत्तों में कमी के निर्देश दिए जा सकते हैं।

Correct Answer: (4) During a Financial Emergency, directions may extend to reduction of salaries and allowances of persons serving the Union, including those connected with the affairs of the Union, subject to Article 360.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 360 permits salary-related directions during Financial Emergency.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The constitutional authority is the President, not the Chief Justice.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Parliament does not automatically reduce salaries under Article 360.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 360 provides for directions concerning salaries and allowances in a Financial Emergency.

43 Which of the following statements about Financial Emergency in India is correct?

1. It has been proclaimed several times since 1950.

   1950 से इसे कई बार घोषित किया जा चुका है।

2. It was first declared during the 1962 war.

   इसे पहली बार 1962 के युद्ध के दौरान घोषित किया गया था।

3. No Financial Emergency under Article 360 has been proclaimed in India so far.

   अब तक भारत में अनुच्छेद 360 के अंतर्गत कोई वित्तीय आपातकाल घोषित नहीं किया गया है।

4. It was declared during the 1975 Emergency.

   इसे 1975 के आपातकाल के दौरान घोषित किया गया था।

Correct Answer: (3) No Financial Emergency under Article 360 has been proclaimed in India so far.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - No Financial Emergency has been proclaimed since the Constitution came into force.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The 1962 Emergency was a National Emergency under Article 352.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 360 has never been invoked to proclaim a Financial Emergency in India.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - The 1975 Emergency was a National Emergency, not Financial Emergency.

44 Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

1. Article 352 — Financial Emergency

   अनुच्छेद 352 — वित्तीय आपातकाल

2. Article 356 — National Emergency

   अनुच्छेद 356 — राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल

3. Article 360 — Financial Emergency

   अनुच्छेद 360 — वित्तीय आपातकाल

4. Article 359 — President's Rule

   अनुच्छेद 359 — राष्ट्रपति शासन

Correct Answer: (3) Article 360 — Financial Emergency

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Article 352 deals with National Emergency.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Article 356 deals with failure of constitutional machinery in States.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - Article 359 deals with suspension of enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights during National Emergency.

45 Consider the following pairs. Which of the following is correctly matched?

1. Article 352 — Failure of constitutional machinery in State

   अनुच्छेद 352 — राज्य में संवैधानिक तंत्र की विफलता

2. Article 356 — Financial stability of India

   अनुच्छेद 356 — भारत की वित्तीय स्थिरता

3. Article 359 — Financial Emergency

   अनुच्छेद 359 — वित्तीय आपातकाल

4. Article 358 — Suspension of freedoms under Article 19 in specified National Emergency

   अनुच्छेद 358 — निर्दिष्ट राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल में अनुच्छेद 19 की स्वतंत्रताओं का निलंबन

Correct Answer: (4) Article 358 — Suspension of freedoms under Article 19 in specified National Emergency

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - Failure of constitutional machinery is dealt with under Article 356.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Financial Emergency is under Article 360.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - Article 359 concerns suspension of enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Article 358 concerns Article 19 during an Emergency based on war or external aggression.

46 Which of the following National Emergencies were proclaimed in India after independence?

1. Only in 1962 and 1971

   केवल 1962 और 1971 में

2. 1962, 1965 and 1975

   1962, 1965 और 1975 में

3. 1962, 1971 and 1975

   1962, 1971 और 1975 में

4. 1965, 1971 and 1977

   1965, 1971 और 1977 में

Correct Answer: (3) 1962, 1971 and 1975

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - It omits the 1975 Emergency.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - No separate National Emergency was proclaimed in 1965; the 1962 proclamation continued during the 1965 war.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - National Emergencies were proclaimed in 1962, 1971 and 1975.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - 1965 and 1977 do not represent separate proclamations of National Emergency.

47 Consider the following statements about the three National Emergencies proclaimed in India. Which one is correct?

1. The 1962 Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of armed rebellion.

   1962 का आपातकाल सशस्त्र विद्रोह के आधार पर घोषित किया गया था।

2. The 1971 Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of internal disturbance.

   1971 का आपातकाल आंतरिक अशांति के आधार पर घोषित किया गया था।

3. The 1975 Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of external aggression.

   1975 का आपातकाल बाहरी आक्रमण के आधार पर घोषित किया गया था।

4. The 1975 National Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of "internal disturbance", which was the constitutional expression then in force.

   1975 का राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल "आंतरिक अशांति" के आधार पर घोषित किया गया था, जो उस समय संविधान में प्रयुक्त अभिव्यक्ति थी।

Correct Answer: (4) The 1975 National Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of "internal disturbance", which was the constitutional expression then in force.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The 1962 Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of external aggression.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The 1971 Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of external aggression.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - The 1975 Emergency was based on internal disturbance, not external aggression.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - Before the 44th Amendment, "internal disturbance" was a ground under Article 352.

48 Which of the following statements about the 1975 National Emergency is correct?

1. It was proclaimed by Parliament before the President issued the proclamation.

   राष्ट्रपति द्वारा उद्घोषणा जारी करने से पहले संसद ने इसे घोषित किया था।

2. It was based on armed rebellion under the present wording of Article 352.

   यह अनुच्छेद 352 की वर्तमान भाषा के अंतर्गत सशस्त्र विद्रोह पर आधारित था।

3. It was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 on the ground of internal disturbance.

   इसे 25 जून 1975 को आंतरिक अशांति के आधार पर घोषित किया गया था।

4. It was the first and only Financial Emergency in India.

   यह भारत का पहला और एकमात्र वित्तीय आपातकाल था।

Correct Answer: (3) It was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 on the ground of internal disturbance.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - The President issued the proclamation; Parliament subsequently considered and approved it.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - The term "armed rebellion" was introduced later by the 44th Amendment.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - The 1975 National Emergency was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 citing internal disturbance.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - No Financial Emergency has ever been proclaimed in India.

49 Consider the following statements about the constitutional effects of National Emergency. Which one is correct?

1. It automatically suspends the federal structure and converts India into a unitary State permanently.

   यह स्वतः संघीय ढांचे को निलंबित करके भारत को स्थायी रूप से एकात्मक राज्य बना देता है।

2. It automatically dissolves the Rajya Sabha.

   यह राज्य सभा को स्वतः भंग कर देता है।

3. It automatically removes all State Governments.

   यह सभी राज्य सरकारों को स्वतः हटा देता है।

4. It strengthens the Union's executive and legislative powers and may affect certain Fundamental Rights according to Articles 358 and 359, without permanently abolishing the federal system.

   यह संघ की कार्यपालिका और विधायी शक्तियों को मजबूत करता है तथा अनुच्छेद 358 और 359 के अनुसार कुछ मौलिक अधिकारों को प्रभावित कर सकता है, लेकिन संघीय व्यवस्था को स्थायी रूप से समाप्त नहीं करता।

Correct Answer: (4) It strengthens the Union's executive and legislative powers and may affect certain Fundamental Rights according to Articles 358 and 359, without permanently abolishing the federal system.

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (❌) - National Emergency does not permanently convert India into a unitary State.
2. Statement 2 (❌) - Rajya Sabha is not automatically dissolved.
3. Statement 3 (❌) - State Governments do not automatically cease to exist.
4. Statement 4 (✅) - National Emergency temporarily strengthens Union authority while preserving the constitutional structure.

50 Consider the following statements regarding Emergency Provisions in the Constitution. Which of the following is correct?

1. Article 352 — National Emergency; Article 356 — President's Rule; Article 360 — Financial Emergency.

   अनुच्छेद 352 — राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल; अनुच्छेद 356 — राष्ट्रपति शासन; अनुच्छेद 360 — वित्तीय आपातकाल।

2. Article 358 relates to Article 19 during specified National Emergencies, while Article 359 concerns suspension of enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights.

   अनुच्छेद 358 निर्दिष्ट राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल के दौरान अनुच्छेद 19 से संबंधित है, जबकि अनुच्छेद 359 निर्दिष्ट मौलिक अधिकारों के प्रवर्तन के निलंबन से संबंधित है।

3. The 44th Amendment introduced important safeguards, including the requirement of written Union Cabinet advice and protection of Articles 20 and 21 from suspension of enforcement.

   44वें संशोधन ने महत्वपूर्ण सुरक्षा उपाय जोड़े, जिनमें केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल की लिखित सलाह की आवश्यकता तथा अनुच्छेद 20 और 21 के प्रवर्तन को निलंबन से सुरक्षा शामिल है।

4. All of the above

   उपरोक्त सभी

Correct Answer: (4) All of the above

Explanation:

1. Statement 1 (✅) - Articles 352, 356 and 360 respectively deal with National Emergency, President's Rule and Financial Emergency.
2. Statement 2 (✅) - Article 358 concerns Article 19 in specified National Emergencies, while Article 359 concerns suspension of enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights.
3. Statement 3 (✅) - The 44th Amendment introduced major safeguards, including written Cabinet advice and protection of Articles 20 and 21.
4. Statement 4 (❌) - "All of the above" is the correct option because Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

1 Match the Following:

National Emergency President's Rule Financial Emergency Suspension of Fundamental Rights

Article 356 Article 352 Article 360 Article 359 Article 365

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	A	C	D
(B)	A	B	D	C
(C)	C	A	B	D
(D)	B	A	C	D

Correct Answer: (D)

1. National Emergency - B - Article 352 provides for National Emergency.
2. President's Rule - A - Article 356 deals with failure of constitutional machinery in a state.
3. Financial Emergency - C - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
4. Suspension of Fundamental Rights - D - Article 359 empowers the President to suspend the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

2 Match the Following:

War External Aggression Armed Rebellion Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery

Article 356 Internal disturbance Article 352 Article 365 Armed rebellion

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	C	E	A
(B)	C	C	E	A
(C)	E	C	B	D
(D)	C	E	C	A

Correct Answer: (B)

1. War - C - War is one of the grounds under Article 352.
2. External Aggression - C - External aggression is also a ground for National Emergency under Article 352.
3. Armed Rebellion - E - Armed rebellion replaced internal disturbance as a ground through the 44th Amendment.
4. Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery - A - Article 356 provides for President's Rule.

3 Match the Following:

Article 352 Article 356 Article 358 Article 359

Effect on Article 19 President's Rule Suspension of enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights National Emergency Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	D	B	A	C
(B)	A	D	B	C
(C)	D	B	A	C
(D)	D	C	A	B

Correct Answer: (C)

1. Article 352 - D - Article 352 concerns National Emergency.
2. Article 356 - B - Article 356 concerns President's Rule.
3. Article 358 - A - Article 358 concerns the effect of emergency on Article 19.
4. Article 359 - C - Article 359 concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

4 Match the Following:

42nd Amendment 44th Amendment 38th Amendment 59th Amendment

Special emergency provisions for Punjab Made Emergency proclamation judicially unquestionable Expanded scope concerning multiple proclamations Introduced safeguards against misuse of Emergency Abolished Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	D	B	A
(B)	C	D	B	A
(C)	D	C	A	B
(D)	B	D	C	A

Correct Answer: (B)

1. 42nd Amendment - C - It dealt with the operation of multiple Emergency proclamations.
2. 44th Amendment - D - It introduced major safeguards against Emergency misuse.
3. 38th Amendment - B - It attempted to make certain emergency proclamations immune from judicial review.
4. 59th Amendment - A - It introduced special emergency provisions relating to Punjab.

5 Match the Following:

First National Emergency Second National Emergency Third National Emergency Internal Emergency

1965 1971 1962 1975 1977

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	A	B	D
(B)	A	C	B	D
(C)	C	B	A	D
(D)	D	A	C	B

Correct Answer: (A)

1. First National Emergency - C - The first Emergency was proclaimed in 1962 during the China war.
2. Second National Emergency - A - The second was proclaimed in 1965 during the India-Pakistan war.
3. Third National Emergency - B - The third was proclaimed in 1971 during the Bangladesh liberation conflict.
4. Internal Emergency - D - The 1975 Emergency was proclaimed on the ground of internal disturbance.

6 Match the Following:

Article 352 proclamation Approval by Parliament Revocation by President Special meeting demand by Lok Sabha members

Within two months Within one month At any time One-tenth of total members One-third of members

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	E
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	B	A	C	D
(D)	A	C	B	D

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Article 352 proclamation - A - It must be approved by both Houses within two months.
2. Approval by Parliament - B - The 44th Amendment reduced the approval period to one month.
3. Revocation by President - C - The President can revoke an Emergency proclamation at any time.
4. Special meeting demand by Lok Sabha members - D - One-tenth of Lok Sabha members can initiate the special sitting mechanism.

7 Match the Following:

Maximum duration of one Emergency extension Total continuation of National Emergency Approval requirement Majority for approval

Simple majority Six months No fixed maximum period Special majority Three months

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	C	D	D
(B)	E	C	A	D
(C)	B	A	D	A
(D)	B	C	A	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Maximum duration of one Emergency extension - B - Each parliamentary approval extends the Emergency for six months.
2. Total continuation of National Emergency - C - There is no constitutional maximum period.
3. Approval requirement - D - Both Houses must approve the proclamation within the prescribed period.
4. Majority for approval - D - Approval requires a special majority in each House.

8 Match the Following:

44th Amendment and Emergency Cabinet advice Armed rebellion Written advice

Constitutional ground for Emergency Required for Article 352 proclamation Introduced as safeguard Replaced internal disturbance Required for Article 356 only

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	C	D	B
(B)	C	B	D	A
(C)	C	D	A	B
(D)	D	C	A	B

Correct Answer: (C)

1. 44th Amendment and Emergency - C - It introduced important safeguards concerning Emergency powers.
2. Cabinet advice - D - The President can proclaim Emergency only on written advice of the Union Cabinet.
3. Armed rebellion - A - It is a constitutional ground for National Emergency.
4. Written advice - B - Written Cabinet advice is an explicit safeguard under Article 352.

9 Match the Following:

Article 353 Article 354 Article 355 Article 357

Exercise of legislative powers under President's Rule Application of revenue distribution provisions during Emergency Effect of proclamation of Emergency Union's duty to protect States Suspension of Article 19

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	B	D	A
(B)	D	B	C	A
(C)	C	A	D	B
(D)	B	C	D	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 353 - C - Article 353 specifies the effects of a National Emergency proclamation.
2. Article 354 - B - It permits modification of revenue distribution provisions during Emergency.
3. Article 355 - D - It lays down the Union's duty to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
4. Article 357 - A - It concerns exercise of legislative powers under President's Rule.

10 Match the Following:

Article 358 Article 359 Article 360 Article 361

Financial Emergency Protection of President and Governors Effect of Emergency on Article 19 Suspension of enforcement of Fundamental Rights President's Rule

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	D	A	B
(B)	C	D	A	B
(C)	D	C	A	B
(D)	C	A	D	B

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Article 358 - C - Article 358 deals with the effect of Emergency on Article 19.
2. Article 359 - D - Article 359 deals with suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.
3. Article 360 - A - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
4. Article 361 - B - Article 361 provides constitutional protection to the President and Governors.

11 Match the Following:

Article 19 during Emergency Article 20 Article 21 Article 359

Cannot be suspended under Article 359 Automatic suspension in specified Emergency circumstances Right to move courts may be suspended for specified rights Cannot be suspended after 44th Amendment Automatically repealed during President's Rule

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	D	A	C
(B)	B	A	D	C
(C)	C	D	A	B
(D)	B	D	C	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 19 during Emergency - B - Article 19 is automatically suspended only when Emergency is declared on grounds of war or external aggression.
2. Article 20 - D - The 44th Amendment protects Article 20 from suspension under Article 359.
3. Article 21 - A - Article 21 also cannot be suspended under Article 359 after the 44th Amendment.
4. Article 359 - C - It empowers the President to suspend the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

12 Match the Following:

National Emergency President's Rule Financial Emergency Normal constitutional system

State autonomy may be significantly reduced State Council of Ministers may be removed Central financial directions may be imposed Normal federal arrangement Lok Sabha automatically dissolved

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	B	C	D
(D)	C	B	D	A

Correct Answer: (C)

1. National Emergency - A - The Union's executive and legislative powers over States can expand during National Emergency.
2. President's Rule - B - The President may assume functions of the State government.
3. Financial Emergency - C - The Union can issue financial directions to States.
4. Normal constitutional system - D - The ordinary federal arrangement operates without emergency alterations.

13 Match the Following:

President's Rule proclamation Approval of President's Rule Duration of one approval Maximum normal duration

Two months Six months One month Three years subject to conditions Five years

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	A	B	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	C	B	D
(D)	A	A	C	B

Correct Answer: (A)

1. President's Rule proclamation - A - A proclamation under Article 356 must be approved within two months.
2. Approval of President's Rule - A - Parliamentary approval is required within two months.
3. Duration of one approval - B - Each approval permits continuation for six months.
4. Maximum normal duration - D - President's Rule can continue up to three years subject to constitutional conditions.

14 Match the Following:

Article 356 Article 365 S.R. Bommai case Rameshwar Prasad case

Failure to comply with Union directions Judicial review of President's Rule Bihar Assembly dissolution issue Emergency financial powers National Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	A	B	C
(B)	B	A	C	C
(C)	A	B	C	D
(D)	B	A	D	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 356 - B - Its use is subject to judicial review, especially after S.R. Bommai.
2. Article 365 - A - Failure of a State to comply with Union directions may support action under Article 356.
3. S.R. Bommai case - B - The case established important limitations and judicial review concerning Article 356.
4. Rameshwar Prasad case - C - It concerned the dissolution of the Bihar Legislative Assembly in 2005.

15 Match the Following:

Ground for President's Rule Article 365 Governor's report President's satisfaction

Failure of constitutional machinery One possible basis for Article 356 action Failure to comply with Union directions Subject to constitutional and judicial limitations Mandatory in every case

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	C	A	B	D
(D)	A	C	B	E

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Ground for President's Rule - A - Article 356 operates when the constitutional machinery of a State fails.
2. Article 365 - B - Article 365 provides a possible basis for concluding that constitutional machinery has failed.
3. Governor's report - C - A Governor's report is one possible basis for presidential action, but not the only one.
4. President's satisfaction - D - Presidential action is subject to constitutional requirements and judicial review.

16 Match the Following:

Financial Emergency proclamation Parliamentary approval Effect on State finances Effect on salaries

Article 360 Within two months Financial directions by Union Reduction may be directed Automatic cancellation of State budgets

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	C	B	D
(D)	A	B	D	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Financial Emergency proclamation - A - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
2. Parliamentary approval - B - A Financial Emergency must be approved within two months.
3. Effect on State finances - C - The Union may issue financial directions to States.
4. Effect on salaries - D - Salaries and allowances, including those of certain constitutional authorities, may be reduced as constitutionally permitted.

17 Match the Following:

Financial Emergency in India First National Emergency 1975 Emergency President's Rule

Proclaimed 25 June 1975 Used in several States Never proclaimed Proclaimed in 1962 Proclaimed in 1991

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	D	A	B
(B)	C	A	D	B
(C)	E	D	A	B
(D)	C	D	B	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Financial Emergency in India - C - No Financial Emergency has been proclaimed in India so far.
2. First National Emergency - D - It was proclaimed in 1962.
3. 1975 Emergency - A - The Internal Emergency was proclaimed on 25 June 1975.
4. President's Rule - B - Article 356 has been invoked in numerous States over India's constitutional history.

18 Match the Following:

Article 352 approval Article 356 approval Article 360 approval Article 359 order

Two months Two months One month No separate parliamentary approval Six months

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	A	B	D
(B)	C	A	A	D
(C)	B	A	A	D
(D)	C	B	A	D

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Article 352 approval - C - A National Emergency proclamation must be approved within one month.
2. Article 356 approval - A - President's Rule must be approved within two months.
3. Article 360 approval - A - Financial Emergency must be approved within two months.
4. Article 359 order - D - An Article 359 order does not require separate parliamentary approval.

19 Match the Following:

44th Amendment Article 20 Article 21 Article 19

Protection from suspension under Article 359 Automatic suspension limited to war or external aggression Emergency Major Emergency safeguards Protection from preventive detention Always suspended during any Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	A	A	B
(B)	C	A	B	E
(C)	A	C	A	B
(D)	C	B	A	E

Correct Answer: (A)

1. 44th Amendment - C - It introduced several safeguards to prevent misuse of Emergency powers.
2. Article 20 - A - Article 20 cannot be suspended under Article 359.
3. Article 21 - A - Article 21 also cannot be suspended under Article 359.
4. Article 19 - B - Its automatic suspension is confined to an Emergency based on war or external aggression.

20 Match the Following:

Union executive power during National Emergency Parliamentary legislative power during National Emergency State legislative power during National Emergency Distribution of revenues

Can be affected by Article 353 Parliament can legislate on State List State legislature is not automatically suspended May be modified under Article 354 State legislative assembly is automatically dissolved

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	C	B	D
(D)	D	B	C	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Union executive power during National Emergency - A - Article 353 expands Union executive authority over States.
2. Parliamentary legislative power during National Emergency - B - Parliament can legislate on matters in the State List.
3. State legislative power during National Emergency - C - State legislatures do not automatically cease to exist.
4. Distribution of revenues - D - Article 354 permits modification of certain revenue-distribution provisions.

21 Match the Following:

Article 354 Article 358 Article 359 Article 360

Financial Emergency Article 19 and Emergency Revenue distribution during Emergency Enforcement of Fundamental Rights President's Rule

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	B	D	A
(B)	C	B	D	A
(C)	D	B	C	A
(D)	C	D	B	A

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Article 354 - C - It concerns distribution of revenues during National Emergency.
2. Article 358 - B - It concerns the operation of Article 19 during Emergency.
3. Article 359 - D - It concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.
4. Article 360 - A - It provides for Financial Emergency.

22 Match the Following:

44th Amendment safeguard Lok Sabha disapproval President's Rule extension beyond one year Financial Emergency

Can terminate National Emergency Requires constitutional conditions Requires parliamentary approval Cabinet must give written advice Requires approval by State legislatures

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	D	A	B	C
(B)	D	B	C	A
(C)	C	A	B	D
(D)	D	A	E	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. 44th Amendment safeguard - D - The Union Cabinet must provide written advice for a National Emergency proclamation.
2. Lok Sabha disapproval - A - Lok Sabha can force termination of a National Emergency through the constitutional disapproval mechanism.
3. President's Rule extension beyond one year - B - Extension beyond one year requires specified constitutional conditions.
4. Financial Emergency - C - It requires approval of both Houses of Parliament within two months.

23 Match the Following:

42nd Amendment 44th Amendment 59th Amendment 61st Amendment

Punjab-related Emergency provision Emergency safeguards Expanded Union powers during Emergency Voting age reduction Financial Emergency abolition

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	B	A	D
(B)	B	C	A	D
(C)	C	B	D	A
(D)	A	B	C	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. 42nd Amendment - C - It strengthened several Union powers during Emergency.
2. 44th Amendment - B - It introduced important Emergency safeguards.
3. 59th Amendment - A - It contained special provisions relating to Punjab.
4. 61st Amendment - D - It reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

24 Match the Following:

National Emergency proclamation President's Rule proclamation Financial Emergency proclamation Article 359 order

Issued by President Requires written Union Cabinet advice May be based on Governor's report or otherwise May suspend right to move courts for specified rights Issued by Chief Justice of India

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	C	A	D
(B)	B	C	A	D
(C)	A	B	C	D
(D)	B	A	C	D

Correct Answer: (B)

1. National Emergency proclamation - B - Article 352 requires written advice of the Union Cabinet.
2. President's Rule proclamation - C - It may be based on the Governor's report or otherwise.
3. Financial Emergency proclamation - A - The President issues the proclamation under Article 360.
4. Article 359 order - D - It may suspend the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

25 Match the Following:

War Emergency External Aggression Emergency Armed Rebellion Emergency Financial Emergency

Article 360 Article 352 Article 356 Article 352 Article 365

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	D	D	A
(B)	D	B	D	A
(C)	B	D	C	A
(D)	A	B	D	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. War Emergency - B - War is a ground under Article 352.
2. External Aggression Emergency - D - External aggression is also covered by Article 352.
3. Armed Rebellion Emergency - D - Armed rebellion is a third ground under Article 352.
4. Financial Emergency - A - Financial Emergency is provided under Article 360.

26 Match the Following:

Article 352 and federalism Article 356 and federalism Article 360 and federalism Article 355 and federalism

Financial centralisation directions Union duty toward States Temporary expansion of Union authority Assumption of State executive functions Permanent abolition of State governments

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	D	A	B
(B)	D	C	A	B
(C)	C	A	D	B
(D)	B	D	A	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 352 and federalism - C - National Emergency temporarily strengthens Union authority.
2. Article 356 and federalism - D - President's Rule permits assumption of State executive functions by the President.
3. Article 360 and federalism - A - Financial Emergency permits Union financial directions to States.
4. Article 355 and federalism - B - Article 355 states the Union's duty to protect States.

27 Match the Following:

Article 353(a) Article 353(b) Article 354 Article 355

Union executive directions Revenue distribution Union legislative power over State List Duty to protect States Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	A	B	D
(B)	A	C	B	D
(C)	C	B	A	D
(D)	A	C	D	B

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Article 353(a) - A - It expands Union executive authority during National Emergency.
2. Article 353(b) - C - It permits Parliament to make laws on matters in the State List.
3. Article 354 - B - It concerns distribution of revenues during Emergency.
4. Article 355 - D - It imposes a duty on the Union to protect States.

28 Match the Following:

Article 356 Article 357 Article 358 Article 359

Effect on Article 19 Exercise of legislative power under President's Rule Suspension of enforcement of specified rights Failure of constitutional machinery Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	D	B	A	C
(B)	B	D	A	C
(C)	D	B	C	A
(D)	C	B	A	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 356 - D - It deals with failure of constitutional machinery in a State.
2. Article 357 - B - It regulates legislative powers during President's Rule.
3. Article 358 - A - It deals with Article 19 during certain National Emergencies.
4. Article 359 - C - It concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

29 Match the Following:

One-month approval period Two-month approval period Six-month continuation Three-year limit

President's Rule National Emergency Each parliamentary approval of National Emergency Maximum normal duration of President's Rule Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	A	C	D
(B)	B	E	C	D
(C)	E	A	B	D
(D)	B	A	D	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. One-month approval period - B - A National Emergency must receive parliamentary approval within one month.
2. Two-month approval period - A - President's Rule must be approved within two months.
3. Six-month continuation - C - Each approval of National Emergency continues it for up to six months.
4. Three-year limit - D - President's Rule ordinarily cannot continue beyond three years and requires additional conditions after one year.

30 Match the Following:

National Emergency President's Rule Financial Emergency Article 359

Can affect salaries Can suspend right to constitutional remedies for specified rights Can permit Parliament to legislate on State List Can transfer State legislative powers to Parliament Can abolish Fundamental Rights

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	D	A	B
(B)	C	D	A	B
(C)	A	C	D	B
(D)	C	A	D	B

Correct Answer: (B)

1. National Emergency - C - During National Emergency, Parliament can legislate on matters in the State List.
2. President's Rule - D - Parliament may exercise the legislative powers of the State legislature.
3. Financial Emergency - A - It permits financial directions including possible reduction of salaries and allowances.
4. Article 359 - B - It concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

31 Match the Following:

Article 352 and judicial review Article 356 and judicial review Article 360 and judicial review 38th Amendment

Emergency proclamation subject to constitutional review President's Rule subject to judicial review Financial Emergency subject to constitutional review Attempted to exclude judicial review of emergency satisfaction Abolished judicial review permanently

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	B	D	C
(D)	D	B	C	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 352 and judicial review - A - Emergency proclamations are subject to constitutional judicial review.
2. Article 356 and judicial review - B - President's Rule is subject to judicial review.
3. Article 360 and judicial review - C - Financial Emergency action remains subject to constitutional limitations.
4. 38th Amendment - D - It attempted to exclude judicial review of certain emergency proclamations and presidential satisfaction.

32 Match the Following:

S.R. Bommai v. Union of India Minerva Mills v. Union of India ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India

President's Rule and judicial review Emergency-era habeas corpus controversy Basic structure and constitutional limitations Dissolution of Bihar Assembly Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	C	B	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	B	C	A	D
(D)	A	C	D	B

Correct Answer: (A)

1. S.R. Bommai v. Union of India - A - It established important principles governing President's Rule and judicial review.
2. Minerva Mills v. Union of India - C - It reinforced basic-structure limitations on constitutional amendments.
3. ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla - B - It concerned habeas corpus during the 1975 Emergency.
4. Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India - D - It dealt with the dissolution of the Bihar Legislative Assembly.

33 Match the Following:

Article 358 applies automatically Article 359 operates through Article 20 protection Article 21 protection

Presidential order Only during war/external aggression Emergency Cannot be suspended under Article 359 Cannot be suspended under Article 359 Only during Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	A	C	D
(B)	B	A	D	C
(C)	A	B	C	D
(D)	B	A	C	E

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 358 applies automatically - B - Its automatic operation is linked to an Emergency based on war or external aggression.
2. Article 359 operates through - A - The President issues an order under Article 359.
3. Article 20 protection - C - Article 20 cannot be suspended under Article 359.
4. Article 21 protection - D - Article 21 also cannot be suspended under Article 359.

34 Match the Following:

Lok Sabha's special role in National Emergency Rajya Sabha's role President's revocation power Cabinet's written advice

Can revoke National Emergency Can participate in parliamentary approval Can trigger special sitting through one-tenth members Constitutional safeguard under Article 352 Can unilaterally proclaim Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	B	A	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	C	A	B	D
(D)	C	B	D	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Lok Sabha's special role in National Emergency - C - One-tenth of Lok Sabha members can demand consideration of disapproval of an Emergency.
2. Rajya Sabha's role - B - Rajya Sabha participates in parliamentary approval of Emergency.
3. President's revocation power - A - The President may revoke a National Emergency proclamation.
4. Cabinet's written advice - D - Written advice of the Union Cabinet is required under Article 352.

35 Match the Following:

Continuation of President's Rule beyond one year Continuation beyond three years Parliamentary approval of Article 356 State legislature during President's Rule

Not automatically dissolved Not constitutionally permitted Requires special conditions Required within two months Requires approval by State Cabinet

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	B	D	A
(B)	D	B	C	A
(C)	C	D	A	B
(D)	A	B	D	C

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Continuation of President's Rule beyond one year - C - It requires specified constitutional conditions.
2. Continuation beyond three years - B - The Constitution does not permit President's Rule beyond three years.
3. Parliamentary approval of Article 356 - D - Approval must be obtained within two months.
4. State legislature during President's Rule - A - The State legislature may be kept in suspended animation rather than automatically dissolved.

36 Match the Following:

Ground replaced by 44th Amendment Present corresponding ground Emergency proclamation on written Cabinet advice Emergency safeguards

Internal disturbance Armed rebellion Article 352 44th Amendment Article 360

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	B	D	C
(D)	A	C	B	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Ground replaced by 44th Amendment - A - Internal disturbance was replaced by armed rebellion.
2. Present corresponding ground - B - Armed rebellion is the current internal ground for Article 352.
3. Emergency proclamation on written Cabinet advice - C - Article 352 contains this safeguard.
4. Emergency safeguards - D - The 44th Amendment introduced several safeguards.

37 Match the Following:

Article 352 Article 353 Article 354 Article 355

National Emergency proclamation Effects of National Emergency Revenue distribution during Emergency Union duty to protect States President's Rule

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	B	A	D	C
(D)	A	C	B	D

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Article 352 - A - It provides for proclamation of National Emergency.
2. Article 353 - B - It specifies effects of a National Emergency.
3. Article 354 - C - It deals with revenue distribution during Emergency.
4. Article 355 - D - It states the Union's duty to protect States.

38 Match the Following:

Article 356 Article 357 Article 358 Article 359

President's Rule Legislative powers during President's Rule Article 19 during National Emergency Enforcement of Fundamental Rights Financial Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	C	B	D
(D)	D	B	C	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 356 - A - Article 356 provides for President's Rule.
2. Article 357 - B - It concerns legislative powers during President's Rule.
3. Article 358 - C - It concerns Article 19 during certain National Emergencies.
4. Article 359 - D - It concerns suspension of the right to move courts for specified Fundamental Rights.

39 Match the Following:

National Emergency and Parliament National Emergency and State List National Emergency and Lok Sabha National Emergency and Rajya Sabha

Parliament can legislate on State List Participates in approval Can extend Lok Sabha's term by one year at a time Can participate in approval of Emergency Can permanently extend Lok Sabha

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	A	C	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	B	A	D	C
(D)	A	C	B	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. National Emergency and Parliament - A - Parliament gains power to legislate on State List subjects during National Emergency.
2. National Emergency and State List - A - Parliament may legislate on State List matters.
3. National Emergency and Lok Sabha - C - Lok Sabha's term may be extended by Parliament by one year at a time during Emergency, subject to the constitutional limit after Emergency ends.
4. National Emergency and Rajya Sabha - D - Rajya Sabha participates in parliamentary approval.

40 Match the Following:

Article 358 after 44th Amendment Article 359 after 44th Amendment Article 20 Article 21

Protected from suspension under Article 359 Applies automatically only for war/external aggression Emergency Protected from suspension under Article 359 President's order required for Article 359 mechanism Automatically suspended in every Emergency

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	D	A	C
(B)	B	D	C	A
(C)	A	D	C	B
(D)	B	A	C	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 358 after 44th Amendment - B - It applies automatically only when Emergency is based on war or external aggression.
2. Article 359 after 44th Amendment - D - The President issues an order to suspend the right to move courts for specified rights.
3. Article 20 - A - Article 20 is protected from suspension under Article 359.
4. Article 21 - C - Article 21 is also protected from suspension under Article 359.

41 Match the Following:

Article 356 and Governor Article 356 and Parliament Article 356 and State Legislature Article 356 and judiciary

Can exercise legislative powers through constitutional mechanism May submit report to President Approves proclamation Can review constitutional validity Must permanently abolish Assembly

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	C	A	D
(B)	C	B	A	D
(C)	B	C	D	A
(D)	A	C	B	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 356 and Governor - B - The Governor may submit a report indicating failure of constitutional machinery.
2. Article 356 and Parliament - C - Parliament must approve the proclamation within two months.
3. Article 356 and State Legislature - A - Parliament may exercise the legislative powers of the State legislature as constitutionally provided.
4. Article 356 and judiciary - D - Courts can review the constitutional validity of President's Rule.

42 Match the Following:

Financial Emergency and States Financial Emergency and salaries Financial Emergency and Money Bills Financial Emergency and Union

May require State Money Bills to be reserved for President May issue financial directions May reduce salaries and allowances May strengthen Union financial control Automatically dissolves State legislatures

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	C	A	D
(B)	B	D	A	C
(C)	D	C	A	B
(D)	B	C	D	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Financial Emergency and States - B - The Union may issue financial directions to States.
2. Financial Emergency and salaries - C - Salaries and allowances may be reduced as constitutionally permitted.
3. Financial Emergency and Money Bills - A - State Money Bills may be required to be reserved for the President.
4. Financial Emergency and Union - D - Financial control of the Union is strengthened during Financial Emergency.

43 Match the Following:

Article 360 Article 361 Article 362 Article 363

Financial Emergency Protection of President and Governors Abolished privy purses-related provisions Bar to judicial interference in certain treaty disputes President's Rule

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	A	B	D	C
(C)	B	A	C	D
(D)	A	D	C	B

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Article 360 - A - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
2. Article 361 - B - Article 361 provides constitutional protection to the President and Governors.
3. Article 362 - C - Article 362 was omitted by the 26th Amendment concerning privy purses-related provisions.
4. Article 363 - D - Article 363 restricts judicial interference in specified disputes arising from certain treaties and agreements.

44 Match the Following:

44th Amendment and Article 352 44th Amendment and Article 358 44th Amendment and Article 359 44th Amendment and Article 360

Protection of Articles 20 and 21 Written Cabinet advice Restriction of Article 19 automatic suspension Financial Emergency provisions retained Financial Emergency abolished

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	C	A	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	C	B	A	D
(D)	B	C	D	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. 44th Amendment and Article 352 - B - Written advice of the Union Cabinet became mandatory.
2. 44th Amendment and Article 358 - C - Automatic suspension of Article 19 was restricted to war or external aggression Emergency.
3. 44th Amendment and Article 359 - A - Articles 20 and 21 were protected from suspension.
4. 44th Amendment and Article 360 - D - The Financial Emergency provision was retained.

45 Match the Following:

President's Rule and executive power President's Rule and legislative power President's Rule and High Court President's Rule and Supreme Court

Parliament may exercise State legislative powers President assumes specified State executive functions High Court's constitutional position remains unaffected Judicial review remains available High Court automatically abolished

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	A	C	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	B	A	D	C
(D)	C	A	B	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. President's Rule and executive power - B - The President may assume specified functions of the State government.
2. President's Rule and legislative power - A - Parliament may exercise the legislative powers of the State legislature.
3. President's Rule and High Court - C - The High Court's constitutional position is not automatically abolished.
4. President's Rule and Supreme Court - D - Judicial review of Article 356 action remains available.

46 Match the Following:

National Emergency President's Rule Financial Emergency Constitutional amendment

Can be used to alter the constitutional distribution of powers temporarily Can temporarily replace State executive machinery Can impose financial discipline Requires Article 368 procedure Automatically follows every political crisis

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	C	B	D
(D)	D	B	C	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. National Emergency - A - It temporarily alters the federal balance by expanding Union powers.
2. President's Rule - B - It permits temporary assumption of specified State executive functions.
3. Financial Emergency - C - It enables stronger Union financial control.
4. Constitutional amendment - D - Constitutional amendments are governed by Article 368.

47 Match the Following:

1975 National Emergency 1962 National Emergency 1965 National Emergency 1971 National Emergency

War with Pakistan India-China conflict Internal disturbance India-Pakistan conflict Financial crisis

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	B	D	A
(B)	C	B	A	D
(C)	A	B	D	C
(D)	C	D	B	A

Correct Answer: (A)

1. 1975 National Emergency - C - It was proclaimed on the ground of internal disturbance under the then constitutional wording.
2. 1962 National Emergency - B - It followed the India-China conflict.
3. 1965 National Emergency - D - It followed the India-Pakistan conflict.
4. 1971 National Emergency - A - It was proclaimed in connection with the war with Pakistan.

48 Match the Following:

Emergency proclamation and Parliament Emergency proclamation and President Emergency proclamation and Cabinet Emergency proclamation and judiciary

Issues proclamation under Article 352 Must receive parliamentary approval Provides written advice under Article 352 Can examine constitutional validity Can independently proclaim Emergency without Cabinet

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	B	A	C	D
(B)	A	B	C	D
(C)	B	C	A	D
(D)	C	A	B	D

Correct Answer: (A)

1. Emergency proclamation and Parliament - B - Parliamentary approval is constitutionally required within the prescribed period.
2. Emergency proclamation and President - A - The President issues the proclamation under Article 352.
3. Emergency proclamation and Cabinet - C - Written advice of the Union Cabinet is mandatory.
4. Emergency proclamation and judiciary - D - Judicial review of constitutional validity remains available.

49 Match the Following:

Internal disturbance Armed rebellion External aggression Financial instability

Current Article 352 internal ground Current Article 352 external ground Former Article 352 internal ground Article 360 ground Article 356 ground

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	C	A	B	D
(B)	C	A	B	D
(C)	E	A	B	D
(D)	C	B	A	D

Correct Answer: (B)

1. Internal disturbance - C - It was the former internal ground for National Emergency.
2. Armed rebellion - A - It is the present internal ground under Article 352.
3. External aggression - B - It is a present external ground under Article 352.
4. Financial instability - D - It is the constitutional basis of Financial Emergency under Article 360.

50 Match the Following:

National Emergency President's Rule Financial Emergency 44th Constitutional Amendment

Article 352 Article 356 Article 360 Emergency safeguards and restoration of civil liberties Article 365

Options	1	2	3	4
(A)	A	B	C	D
(B)	B	A	C	D
(C)	A	B	C	D
(D)	A	B	D	C

Correct Answer: (C)

1. National Emergency - A - Article 352 provides for National Emergency.
2. President's Rule - B - Article 356 provides for President's Rule in a State.
3. Financial Emergency - C - Article 360 provides for Financial Emergency.
4. 44th Constitutional Amendment - D - The 44th Amendment introduced major safeguards against Emergency misuse and strengthened protection of civil liberties.