Judicial Review

Where did the doctrine of judicial review originate?
The doctrine of judicial review originated in the USA.
Which landmark case established judicial review in the USA?
The 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison, led by John Marshall, established judicial review in the USA.
Which Indian courts have the power of judicial review?
The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power of judicial review in India.
Is judicial review a basic feature of the Indian Constitution?
Yes, the Supreme Court has declared judicial review as a basic feature of the Constitution.
Which articles of the Indian Constitution provide for judicial review?
Judicial review is provided under articles 13, 32, 226, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 143, 227, 245, 246, 251, 254, and 372.
What is the importance of judicial review?
It upholds the supremacy of the Constitution, maintains federal equilibrium, and protects fundamental rights.
What is the scope of judicial review in India?
- Infringement of Fundamental Rights (Part III)
- Acts repugnant to constitutional provisions
- Examination of the competence of authorities
What is the meaning of judicial review?
Judicial review is the judiciary's power to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders of both Central and State governments.
What happens if a law or order is found unconstitutional?
It can be declared ultra vires, illegal, and invalid.
What are the categories of judicial review as per Justice Syed Shah Mohamed Quadri?
- Judicial review of constitutional amendments
- Judicial review of legislations
- Judicial review of administrative actions
How is judicial review narrower in India compared to the USA?
The Indian system lacks the "due process of law" clause, and the Supreme Court is not a "third chamber" or "super legislature."
What is the 9th Schedule in the context of judicial review?
It was introduced by the 1st Constitutional Amendment in 1951 to shield certain laws from judicial review.
What does Article 31(B) state regarding the 9th Schedule?
Article 31(B) saves acts listed in the 9th Schedule from judicial review.
What was the significance of the IR Coelho case regarding the 9th Schedule?
The Supreme Court ruled that laws added to the 9th Schedule after April 24, 1973, are open to judicial review if they violate Articles 14, 15, 19, or 21.

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